Honors Chemistry Gases, Gas Laws, Liquids, and Solids STUDY GYIDE
-Know the 3 assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory concerning gases
-Know the 6 properties of gases
-Know how to convert from °C to Kelvins.
-Know the equations and be able to apply:
Boyle’s Law:
Charles’ Law:
The combined gas law:
Gay-Lussac’s Law:
The Ideal Gas Law:
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures:
Graham’s Law of effusion.
-Know the difference between diffusion and effusion.
- Know that the kinetic energy of particles determines a substances state of matter. Be able to describe
the particle motion in solids, liquids and gases.
-Know what vaporization is. Know the two types of vaporization: Boiling and Evaporating and how they
work.
- Understand why evaporation is a cooling process.
-Know that in a closed system there is a dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor.
*Be able to describe what a dynamic equilibrium is*
-Understand how vapor pressure relates to the volatility of a liquid.
-Understand why a liquid boils and know the definition of boiling point.
*Also know the definition of normal boiling point*
-Know that liquids and gases are considered fluid states of matter, and know what that means.
-Know that liquids and solids are condensed states of matter and know what that means.
-Know what melting point and freezing point are and understand that at that point there is a dynamic
equilibrium between liquid and solid.
-Know what a crystal is, as it relates to the arrangement of particles in a solid.
-Know the definition of unit cell and crystal lattice.
-Know what an allotrope is and be able to provide examples of allotropes.
-Know what an amorphous solid is.
-Know the definition of glass.
-Know the definition of solute and solvent
-Know how the following conditions affect dissolving speed: Temperature, Agitation, Size of Solute
Particle.
-Know what a saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solution is.
-Understand that in a saturated solution, a state of dynamic equilibrium exists between the solution and
any undissolved solute.
-Know what miscible and immiscible liquids are.
-Know how temperature affects solubility (both for solid solutes and gaseous solutes).
-Know how pressure affects solubility for gaseous solutes.
**Know Henry’s Law and be able to use it **
-Know the definitions of: concentration, dilute solution, and concentrated solution.
-Know what molarity (M) is and how to determine it (know the equation for Molarity).
-Know how to calculate the concentration of dilution (M1 * V1 = M2 * V2).
-Know how to calculate percent mass and percent volume of a substance.
-Know what a colligative property is (the definition).
-Know the three colligative properties of solutions: Vapor Pressure Lowering, Freezing Point Depression,
and Boiling Point Elevation.
-Understand how and particles that dissociate when dissolved are more impactful on colligative
properties than those that do not.