1. GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. It also known as WIMP interface because
it is related to Windows, Icons, menus and pointer. Using GUI will make user easier
input commands and use the computer because GUI display things that a user need
to input commands and use the computer such as icons, pointer and others.
Compared to command line interface, using GUI is much easier and more effective.
Besides that, GUI make applications appearance and behave simillarly. Therefore it
will make user easier to learn and use the application for different purposes. One of
the example is when we want to save a document. By pressing the save as button we
can directly save the file instead of typing a command to save the file. GUI is
important because it make user easier to use the computer and its applications.
2. Computer hardwares are physical devices of the computer that can be either be
touched or felt. As for Softwares, they are programs that run the computer. Some
examples of hardware that we can see are mouse and monitor. We use the computer
monitor to read texts or play games in the computer and the mouse we are using is
to navigate the mouse pointer in the computer. As for software, They can be internet
browser, microsoft word, etc.Any program that can be run in the computer is called
software.
3. System programs are of course more important because they are the basic
programs which sets up all basic/default settings for the computer which most of
the times supports the application program. One of the major examples are like
DirectX sofrware which basically generates 3d in our pc. Without this thing we can’t
play any games which resolutes in 3d images.
4. DOS stands for Disk Operating System. All of the operating systems look after the
internal and some external resources of the computer. Which means that the disks
from one computer system cannot be used in another computer system. Each
computer’s disk operating system arrranges the information differently. So, it is
difficult for one type of computer to read the disks from another type of computer.
5. i.Booting the computer
ii.Performs basic computer tasks eg managing the
various peripheral devices eg mouse, keyboard
iii.Provides a user interface, e.g.
command line, graphical user interface (GUI)
iv.Handles system resources such as
computer’s memory and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by
various applications or peripheral devices
v.Provides file management which refers
to the way that the operating system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves data.
6. Each application were ensured that each of them have the appropriate amount.
Operating systems provide consistent application, so that all of the applications use
the hardware in the same way. It is very important if there are more than on type of
computer that operates if the computer hardware is change. By having API wich is
Application Program Interface, the software on a computer can run on the other
types of computer. It is also because the instructions are already in the machine
code. Programs that writter in any other programming language must be converted
into the other machine langueage so that the computer could read and understand
them.
7. When a program is written in a high-level computer language such as COBOL or
Logo, the program must be translated into the machine language before the
processor can obey it. The one who perform this translation are compilers or
interpreters.
8. Preview (graphics program), Pages (word processors).
9. Web browsers : safari, internet exploler.
virus protection: avira, smadav.
10. In computing, firmware is a computer program that is embedded in a hardware
device, for example a microcontroller.Firmware because it ia a combination
between hardware and software. Like software is a program inside the computer,
while it is also tightly linked to hardware. It is “firmly” embedded in the hardware vs
software which is constantly changing.
11. What are two examples of important programs that are stored in ROM? Why
must they be stored in ROM?
The two examples of important programs that are stored in ROM are
• The ROM BIOS
• Computers and games machines
They must be stored in ROM because they contain some of the operating system
programs that allow the computer to communicate with its input, output and mass
storage devices. Other than that is so that we do not need to load any operating
system programs
from disk when starting. They are ready to load the desired
application program immediately. Having the operating system in ROM also
prevents viruses from being able to ‘infect’ the operating system.
12. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a characterencoding scheme based on the English alphabet. The ASCII codes assume the role of
text in computers, communications equipment, and many other devices that use
text. Usually, Mpderm character-encoding schemes are based on the ASCII,
eventhough it supports many additional characters. ASCII was developed from
telegraphic codes. In ASCII, every letter, number and punctuation symbol has a
corresponding number or known as ASCII code. For instance, the character for
number 1 has the code 80, capital letter S has the code 76 and a blank space has the
code 12. This kind of encoding system isn’t only for computer to store document as
series of numbers, but this also lets to share documents with some other computers
that also use the same ASCII system.