The American
Revolution
video
England Battles France!
• This war was known as the French and Indian War in
America but was called the Seven Years’ War in Europe.
(but it lasted 9 years)
• Britain Won!
• What did Britain gain?
– French Canada
– All land to the Mississippi River
England Battles France!
• What did Georgia gain?
– No more threat of Spanish in Florida.
– Land to the Mississippi – (modern day GA, AL, and MS)
Page 21 Check
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1. False
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3. True
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7. False
Proclamation of 1763
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King George declared that colonists were not allowed to
move west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Colonists who lived there had to move back – they were not
happy!
Indians got the land to keep the peace.
Veterans of the French and Indian War received land in the
West.
Many colonists ignored this proclamation!
• 2 goals: to avoid conflicts with Indians and maintain eastern
colonization so they would trade with England.
Colonists become Angry
• England had ignored the colonies for many years and the
colonies liked their freedom.
• In 1760 and 1770 this changed as England began taxing the
colonists in order to pay for the French and Indian War.
Stamp Act
• 1765 – All colonists had to buy a stamp on any
paper document.
• The colonists rebelled and said no taxation
without representation!
Boston Massacre
• Colonists are killed during a confrontation with British soldiers.
Boston Tea Party
• 1773 – Colonists dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston
Harbor to protest a tax on tea.
Intolerable Acts!
• These acts were passed to stop the rebellion of the
colonists.
• They included –
– Boston Port Act – closed port of Boston to trade. (hurt us
financially).
– Massachusetts Government Act – MA lost its charter and
couldn’t hold town meetings
– Quartering Act – colonists must provide housing for British
soldiers.
– Impartial Administration of justice Act – trials can be in England
for soldiers.
Intolerable Acts!
• Other colonies joined in Massachusetts
outrage and met to discuss their strategy.
This is called the First Continental
Congress in 1774 (Georgia did not send
anyone)
• Georgia was most concerned about the
Quartering Act because they couldn’t pay
to support them!
Page 24 check
• 1. A
• 2. B
• 3. B
• 4. A
Mixed Feeling In Georgia
• Many Georgians did not desire
independence!
– We were less than 50 years old.
– Most laws and taxes did not effect GA.
– We wanted to British to help protect us from
the Indians.
Mixed Feelings in Georgia
• There were some Georgians who were not
happy with England.
– The Liberty Boys set up at Tondee’s Tavern in
Savannah and spoke out against the Stamp
Act.
– The few stamps that did come to GA were
rarely used!
Page 25 Check
• 1. British, Indians
• 2. Stamp Act Congress
• 3. Gazette
• 4. England
Heading for Independence
• The First Continental Congress (w/o GA)
wrote protests to England and cut off trade
until taxes and trade regulations were
repealed.
• King George III was not open to
compromise and fight broke out at
Lexington and Concord in April of 1775.
Heading for Independence
• In May 1775 the 2nd Continental Congress
met (GA showed up this time).
• They discussed reasons for independence
and chose Thomas Jefferson to compile this
in a formal document.
• The Declaration of Independence was
adopted on July 4, 1776.
• GA sent three delegates that signed - Button
Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton
• Brain pop
Check on page 26
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The American
Revolution in Georgia
Georgia and the Revolution
• Older colonists who had been born in
England tended to side with the British.
• Settlers who had migrated from northern
colonies tended to support independence.
Georgia and the Revolution
• Loyalists or Tories – people who sided
with the British
• Patriots – supported independence
Georgia and the Revolution
• British troops moved toward Georgia in
1778.
• Savannah fell to the British on December
29, 1778.
• Augusta came under British control in
January 1779.
Check your work!
• Read pages 26 – 27 and complete 1-6 on
page 27.
• 1. – L
• 2. – P
• 3. – L
• 4. – L
• 5. – P
• 6. - P
Battle of Kettle Creek – video
• February 1779
• A group of 700 British troops camped at
Kettle Creek on their way to reinforce
Augusta.
• John Dooly and Elijah Clarke led a Patriot
militia in a surprise attack at breakfast.
• It was a Patriot victory and the British left
Augusta for awhile.
The Siege of Savannah - video
• 2nd bloodiest battle of the Revolution
(1779)
• Savannah was under British control.
• Patriot General Benjamin Lincoln and the
French commanded by Count Charles
Henri S’Estaing tried to retake it.
• The Battle lasted 90 minutes, thousands
died!
The Siege of Savannah
• The war continued and Augusta was
reclaimed by the Patriots in the spring of
1781 and the following year Savannah is
freed.
• In 1783 the Treaty of Paris is signed and
America is granted her independence from
England!!!!!!!!!!
Page 28 Check
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Heroic Georgians! – Elijah
Clarke
• Elijah Clarke – led surprise attacks
(guerrilla warfare) behind enemy lines.
• Battle of Kettle Creek
• Fought in Georgia and the Carolinas
Historic Georgians – Austin
Dabney – video
• Fought at Kettle Creek
• African American
• Slave – earned his freedom by serving in the Army
for his master.
• He was wounded and taken in by Giles Harris and
his family.
• He became a beloved member of their family.
• In 1786 the GA General Assembly granted him his
freedom, some land, and a yearly pension!
Historic Georgians – Nancy Hart
video
• Nancy was forced to feed 6 British
soldiers. She was very brave and while
they were eating and drinking she hid their
guns.
• When they realized this she one and hung
the rest.
• In 1912 6 skeletons were found buried on
her property!
Check your work!
• Turn to page 30 in your workbook and take 5
minutes to answer questions 1 -9.
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1. Surprise/guerrilla
2. Augusta
3. Smallpox/mumps
4. slave in his master’s place
5. to prevent his owner from taking advantage of his fame
6. Battle of Kettle Creek
7. She hid their weapons
8. Six skeletons
9. Nancy Morgan Hart
Political Leaders
• Button Gwinnett – Merchant and plantation
owner who became a leader of a partiot
group in Georgia.
• He was elected to be commander of the
state’s battalion but due to controversy he
stepped down and became a delegate to
the Continental Congress where he signed
the Declaration of Independence.
Political Leaders – Button Gwinnett
• He made a bitter enemy – Lachlan McIntosh!
• He was chairman of the committee that wrote
the Georgia Constitution of 1777.
• Governor of Georgia in 1777
for a few months.
• During this time he feuded with
McIntosh and challenged him to
a duel. Gwinnett die of his
gunshot wounds three days later!
• Gwinnett county is name for him!
Check your work!
• Turn to page 31 in your workbook and
quickly answer the 5 questions at the
bottom.
• 1. Whig
• 2. Declaration of Independence
• 3. GA Constitution of 1777
• 4. governor
• 5. duel
Political Leader – Lyman Hall
• Dr. and minister who worked in both
Georgia and South Carolina.
• Signed the Declaration of Independence in
1776.
• He returned to being a Dr. after the war
and in 1783 was elected
as governor of Georgia.
• Hall county is name for him.
Political Leader – George Walton
• Lawyer
• Was the 3rd signed of the Declaration of
Independence from Georgia.
• He was wounded at the Siege of Savannah and
limped for the rest of his life.
• After the war he was VERY active in GA politics
(Rep. to US Congress, circuit court judge, chief
justice of Georgia, governor, and US Senator).
• Walton County is name for him.
Check your work!
• 1. Lyman Hall
• 2. George Walton
• 3. governor
Chapter 9 – After the War – A
new beginning!
Georgia Constitution of 1777
• Once the Declaration was signed Georgia needed to create a
stable government.
• The Constitution included the following:
– 3 distinct branches
– Most power given to unicameral (one house) legislature.
– Governor was selected by legislative branch – not voters.
– Governor served one year term
– Superior court for each county.
– Basic rights were listed
Georgia Constitution of 1777
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Separation of 3
branches
• Too much power in legislative
branch.
• Legislative branch was
unicameral.
• No checks and balance.
• One year governor’s term
limited effectives.
• Constitution was not ratified
(voted on) so it did not fully
represent their interests.
• Protection of basic
rights.
Articles of Confederation - US
• Effective March 1, 1781.
• Weak national government and gave
states a lot of authority.
• Any power not given to Congress
belonged to the states.
Articles of Confederation – US
Strengths
• A true republic
Weaknesses
• Congress could not issue taxes –
country couldn’t pay soldiers or debt.
• Congress could not regulate trade
• Congress could make laws but not
force anyone to obey
• One state = one vote regardless of
size
• No judicial branch
• Congress could not form an army for
defense
Check your work!
• Page 35.
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“A Limping Government”
• Our nation wasn’t working too well under
the Articles of Confederation.
• Many problems:
– Border issues
– Trade
– Were we 1 nation or 13?
– We will have to start over!
Chapter 10
The Constitutional Convention
• They realized the Articles needed to be
thrown out and a new constitution needed
to be written.
• Georgia appointed 6 but only 2 actually
stayed to write our Constitution –
Abraham Baldwin and William Few.
The Great Compromise
• The states were at odds over how they would be
represented in the legislative branch. Small states
wanted everyone to be equal while larger states
wanted it based on population.
• Abraham Baldwin helped come up with the
compromise of have a bicameral (2 house)
legislature. Senate would have 2 from every state
and House of Representatives would be based on
population.
• Now everyone was happy!
Check your work.
• Page 37 F
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Georgia’s Role
• Georgia was for a strong national
government.
• William Few worked hard on the
Constitution!
• Georgia was the 4th state to ratify (vote) for
the US Constitution on January 2, 1788.
Check your work!
• 1786
• 1787
• 1783
• 1788
Check your work
• 1. To establish better trade with Europe.
• 2. They could call on the nation for help.
We were a young colony/state and a little
nervous about being on our own.