I. Unit 1: Exploration and Colonial America
A. Chapter 2: English Colonies, 1600 - 1650
1. Lesson 4: The First English Settlements
a. Topic 1: The Jamestown Colony
b. Topic 2: The Plymouth Colony
2. Lesson 5: The Northern Colonies
a. Topic 1: Massachusetts Bay Colony
b. Topic 2: The Puritan Religion
c.
Topic 3: Dissention in the Bay Colony
3. Lesson 6: The Middle, Chesapeake, and Southern
Colonies
a. Topic 1: New York and New Jersey
b. Topic 2: Pennsylvania and Delaware
c.
Topic 3: Maryland, Carolina, and Georgia
Objectives:
1. Describe the English settlement at Jamestown.
 Who paid to establish Jamestown?
 What difficulties did the English face?
 How did the growing of tobacco affect the Jamestown colony?
 Why did the colonists and Native Americans clash?
2. Identify the motives that led Puritans to New England and the colonies they
founded.
 Why did the Puritans come to America?
 What was life like in Puritan New England?
 How did the Puritans treat people with religious beliefs different from
their own?
 How did religion and the use of land cause conflict between Native
Americans and New England colonists?
3. Explain the pattern of life at New Netherland and Pennsylvania.
 Who founded New Netherland and why?
 Which European nation took control of New Netherland from its
founders? Why?
 How as Pennsylvania founded?
4. Understand the economic relationship between England and its North
American colonies.
 How did mercantilism work?
 What was the general structure of colonial government?
Key Terms:
John Smith
Jamestown
Indentured Servant
Puritan
John Winthrop
King Phillip’s War
William Penn
Quaker
Anne Hutchinson
Mercantilism
Navigation Acts
Exploration and Colonial America
The Americans pgs 21-27
Reading Study Guide pgs 9-10
Early British Colonies
 In 1607, nearly four months after the Virginia Company’s three ships left
England, they reached the North American shore. The colonists selected a
small, defensible peninsula and built Fort James to protect the settlement
of Jamestown, named for their king.
 Colonists began life in the new world with a great deal of failure. Investors
demanded a quick return and the colonists hoped to find gold to satisfy
them. They neglected farming and soon suffered the consequences.
Disease and hunger spread throughout the colony.
 John Smith held the colony together by imposing a military type of
leadership and forced the colonists to farm and secure food. Smith also
received help from the native Powhatan people. Without Smith’s
leadership, the colony would have eventually deteriorated to the point of
famine.
 Tobacco was a profitable cash crop that could be grown in the new world
but needed many field laborers. Many people came to America as an
indentured servant. In exchange for passage to North America and food
and shelter upon arrival, an indentured servant agreed to a limited term of
servitude-usually 4-7 years.
 The colonists’ desire for more land to accommodate their growing
population and demand for more crop space led to warfare with the
original inhabitants of Virginia. The English would drive away the native
people after defeating them.
Puritans Create a “New England”
 Puritans came to America to “purify,” or reform the church by eliminating
all traces of Catholicism. Some Puritans, called Separatists (Pilgrims),
wanted to separate from the English Church.
 A small group of Separatists sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and found the
Plymouth Colony, the second permanent colony in North America.
 Puritans believed they had a special agreement with God to create a moral
society that would serve as a beacon for others to follow. Puritan leader
John Winthrop expressed the sense of mission that bound the Puritans
together, in a sermon delivered aboard the flagship Arbella: “We shall be as
a City upon a Hill; the eyes of all people are on us.”
 Puritans were intolerant of people who had dissenting religious beliefs.
Roger Williams, an extreme separatist, expressed two controversial views.
First, the English had no right to American land unless it was purchased
from the Natives. Secondly, he argued that every person should be free to
worship according to his or her beliefs.
 Anne Hutchinson taught that worshippers did not need the church or its
ministers to interpret the Bible for them. Hutchinson was banished from
the colony to New York.
 King Phillip’s War: After 40 years of tension, Chief Metacom, whom the
English called King Phillip, organized his tribe and several others into an
alliance to wipe out the invaders. The eruption of King Phillip’s War in the
spring of 1675 started the Puritans. Native Americans attacked and burned
outlying settlements throughout New England. The colonists fought back
and after nearly a year. Food shortages, disease, and heavy casualties wore
down the Native Americans and they retreated.
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
 The Dutch founded New Netherland. New Amsterdam (now New York
City), became the capital of the colony. The encourage setters to come and
stay, the colony opened its doors to a variety of ethnic and religious groups.
 The Quakers settled Pennsylvania. King Charles II, owed a debt to a father
of a young man named William Penn. As payment, Charles gave Penn a
large property that was named Pennsylvania.
 Penn belonged to a society of friends called the Quakers; a Protestant sect
that held services without formal ministers, allowing any person to speak as
the spirit moved him or her. They dressed plainly, refused to defer to
persons of rank, opposed war, and refused to serve in the military. Penn
wanted to establish a good and fair society by keeping the Quaker ideals of
equality, cooperation, and religious toleration.
 Mercantilism: According to this theory, a nation could increase its wealth
and power in two ways: by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible,
and by establishing a favorable balance of trade, in which it sold more
goods than it bought. A nation’s ultimate goal was to become selfsufficient so that it did not have to depend on other countries for goods.
The key to this process was the establishment of colonies.
 Navigation Acts: England’s Parliament tightened control of colonial trade by
passing these acts.
o No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were
shipped in either colonial or English ships.
o All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least ¾ English
or colonial.
o The colonies could export certain products, including tobacco and
sugar-and later rice, molasses, and furs-only to England.
o Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to
pass through an English port.