Period 1
ER
• Is the site where liquid components of the cell
membrane are assembled along with proteins
and other materials that exported from the
cell.
• Network of tunnels throughout the cell.
• Two kinds = Smooth & Rough (= bumpy
because it has ribosomes attached)
Golgi Apparatus
• To modify , sort, and package proteins and
other materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion
outside the cell.
• Located near the cell wall.
• May also be called “Golgi Body.”
Nucleus
• Contains nearly all the cells DNA.
• The coded instructions for making proteins
and other important molecules
• Molecules move through the nuclear pores to
and from the rest of the cell
• The nucleolus is where the assembly of
ribosomes begins
• Located anywhere in the cell.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are organelles that convert the
chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use.
• Its found in the eukaryotic cells, and plant
cells. And is enclosed by two membrane.
Chloroplast
• Chloroplast collects energy form sunlight and
turns it into chemical energy called
photosynthesis
• The chloroplast is located in plants and some
insects.
• Located by two membranes and inside the
organelle are stacks of membranes which
contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes make protein.
• Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and
protein found throughout the cytoplasm and
also attached to rough ER.
Cytoskeleton
• The Cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that helps the cell maintain its
shape. Also involved in movement.
• Microfilaments and microtubles make up the
cytoskeleton.
• Located near the nucleus.
Lysosomes
• The clean-up crew
• Small organelles filled with enzymes
• Breaks down proteins, carbs, and lipids into
molecules for the cell to use
• Can cause serious human illness
Cilia
• Cilia is used for both feeding and movement
• Cilia is located outside of the cell, they
surround the cell completely and are short
• Examples: Found in unicellular organisms that
live in both fresh and salt water (animal)
Flagella
• Used for movement
• Whip-like structure
• Located outside cell
Vacuole
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stores water, salt, proteins & carbohydrates
Supports cell
Found in some single celled organisms
Helps with homeostasis
Long and located centrally
Always in plants & sometimes animals
Period 3
ER
• ER is shorter for Endoplasmic Reticulum.
• ER is included in the, synthesis of proteins is
called rough ER (has ribosomes & looks
rough). Smoother ER contains collections of
enzymes that perform special tasks.
Movement of materials through cell.
• Membrane; throughout cell
Golgi Apparatus
• The function of the Golgi apparatus is to
modify, sort and package protein and other
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for
storage in the cells or secretion outside the
cell.
• Wave appearance in the near the cell
membrane (edge) of both animal and plant
cells.
Nucleus
•
•
•
•
Contains the cells DNA
Located in the middle of the cell
Looks like a bouncy ball
Chromatin (the granular material in the
nucleus) surrounds the nucleolus
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are organelles that convert the
chemical energy stored in food into
compounds that are more convenient for the
cells to use
• Found in the outer edge of the cell
• Almost looks like a kidney
Chloroplast
• Mostly found in plant cells
• Capture the energy from sun light and convert
it into chemical energy (Photosynthesis)
• Surrounded by Membranes
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes make protein.
• Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and
protein found throughout the cytoplasm and
also attached to rough ER.
Cytoskeleton
• The Cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that helps the cell maintain its
shape. Also involved in movement.
• Microfilaments and microtubles make up the
cytoskeleton.
• Located near the nucleus.
Lysosomes
•
•
•
•
•
Small organelles filled with enzymes
They digest & break down lipids, carbs, etc.
Removes junk that clutters cell
Medium sized, like mitochondria
If it fails, cell dies.
Cilia
• Short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum.
• Produces movement in cells, found on the
outside of the cell wall.
• Propels cells rapidly through the water
• Only in animal cells
Flagella
• Flagella are long whiplike projections that
allow cell to move through their aquatic
environments
• It looks like a long tail on the backside of the
cell
• Only found in animal cells
Vacuole
• They store materials such as water, salt,
proteins, and carbohydrates
• They’re found in both plants and animals
• Has a sack-like structure
• Found near the middle of the cell
• One of the biggest structures in the cell
Period 5
ER
• The internal membrane in the Eukaryotic cells
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Lipid component assemble, proteins and other
materials exported
• Wrapped around the nucleus
• Two varieties:
– Smooth – no ribosomes
– Rough – has ribosomes embedded
Golgi Apparatus
• Modifies & sorts packaged proteins from the
ER for storage
• Looks like a stack of closely opposed
membranes
• Puts finishing touch on proteins
Nucleus
• Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it
the coded instructions for making proteins
and other important molecules
• Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
• Organelles that convert chemical energy
stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use
• Enclosed by two membranes
• In all eukaryotic cells (plant and animal)
Chloroplast
•
•
•
•
•
Converts sun energy into chemical energy
Biologically equivalent to a solar power plant
Surrounded by membranes
Only in plant cell
Green
Ribosomes
• A small particle in the cell on which proteins
are assembled
• Made up of RNA and proteins
• They produce proteins by following coded
instructions from the nucleus
• Each ribosome is a small machine
Cytoskeleton
• Network of protein filaments that help cell
maintain shape
• Also involved in movement
Lysosomes
• Part of cleaning crew and breaking down
organelles
• Free-roaming
• Tay-sachs linked to lysosomes
Cilia
• Enables the cell to move
• Its located outside the cell
Flagella
• Flagella's are long, whip like, projections that
allow a cell to move.
• Example: Animal protests that swim using the
flagella are classified which are referred to the
Zooflagellas.
Vacuole
• Store materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates in plants
• Pressure of central vacuole helps the plant to
support heavy leaves and flowers
• Also found in single-cell organisms and some
animals
• Contractile vacuole work by pumping water
out of a cell
Period 6
ER
• ER = Endoplasmic reticulum
• Assembles proteins; like a hallway for the cell
• Two varieties:
– Smooth
– Rough (= has ribosomes and therefore looks
rough)
Golgi Apparatus
• Modifies, sorts and packages proteins
Nucleus
• Contains cell’s DNA
• Composed of two membranes
Mitochondria
• Cell organelle that converts the chemical
energy stored into food into usable energy
• Has two membranes inside
• Kidney bean shaped
Chloroplast
• Converts sunlight into chemical energy
• Green in color
• Only found in plant cells
Ribosomes
• Make protein (the main product/output of
cell)
• Found in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER
• Very small
Cytoskeleton
• A network of protein filaments that helps the
cell maintain its shape.
• Involved in movement and supports the cell.
• Inside and everywhere in the cell
• Sandwich like form
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are a clean up crew for the body
• Made up of small chemicals called the
enzymes
• One function is to digest liquids and food
Cilia
• Short hair like projections similar to flagella
• Cilia is used for feeding and movement
Flagella
•
•
•
•
Plural of flagellum
Long whiplike projections allow cell to move
Looks like a tiny tail
Used by animal-like protists that use flagella
to swim (usually having one or two)
Vacuole
• Cell organelle that stores materials such as
water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
• It’s found in plants. And some animals and
single celled organisms
• It’s one of the biggest organelles