CH. 3 CELLS
CYTOSKELETON
Gives the cell
shape, structure
and helps it move
Made of:
 Microfilaments
 Intermediate
filaments
 Microtubules
CYTOPLASM
The “goo” that
surrounds the
nucleus
Keeps everything in
place
Organelles are
suspended in
cytoplasm
RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes are the site of
Ribosomes
•Structure-spheres composed of RNA
and protein
•Function-site of protein synthesis
•Free ribosomes make proteins that
remain inside the cell
•Attached ribosomes make proteins
that become part of the cell or are
exported from the cell
THESE RIBOSOMES
A R E AT TA C H E D T O
W H AT
ORGANELLE
THESE ARE FREE
RIBOSOMES (IN THE
CYTOSOL).
Nucleus
Found in what type of cell
Nucleus
Function:
1. Control headquarters for the cell.
AKA… the ________
2. Structure:
• Where is the nucleus found
• Contains the genetic material-chromosomes- made of
DNA & proteins
• Surrounded by a double membrane-nuclear
envelope/membrane
• Inside is a nucleolus that makes ribosomes
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH
Structure:
Network of membranes
near nucleus
Why is it considered
rough
Function: Transports
proteins that were
made by the attached
ribosomes through the
cell to the golgi.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SMOOTH
Structure:
Network of folded membranes
throughout cell
Why is it considered
smooth
Function:
Makes lipids and breaks down
toxic substances.
GOLGI APPARATUS
Location
In the cytoplasm
Structure
Closely stacked, flattened
membrane sacs
Function
 Stores, packages, and transports
products inside for use outside
 Vesicles (a bit of the golgi pinches
for transport of stored materials).
VESICLE
Small sac in the cell
Usually full of liquid
Golgi Apparatus
LYSOSOME
(NOT FOUND IN PLANTS)
StructureSaclike
What does the lysosome contain
FunctionDigests food particles
Digests old organelles
MITOCHONDRIA
(FOUND IN ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS)
StructureOval
Inside is a complex matrix of folded membranes. To
increase surface area.
FunctionChanges energy stored in food into a more useful form
Mitochondria produces what important energy storing
molecule
CENTRIOLE
Made of protein
Found in animal
cells
Help pull apart cells
in mitosis
What kind of cell is this
VACUOLE
Location
cytoplasm
Structure
sac of fluid surrounded by
a membrane
Function
Sites of storage of water, ions and some nutrients.
Plants: allows plants to maintain turgor pressure, holds
water to prevent wilting.
What would be the role of the large central vacuole in
osmosis
CHLOROPLAST.
Where is the Chloroplast
found
Structure
Double phospholipid bilayer.
Inner layer
 Stacks = grana
 Non stacked area = stroma
Function
Capturing radiant energy and
converting it to chemical energy.
CELL WALL
Location
surrounding Plant cells
Structure
contains polysaccharide cellulose
Function
Provides structure and support for
plant cells
____________ are found only in Plant cells. They
take in light energy and store it in carbohydrates
during photosynthesis.
Note the cell wall and central vacuole in this
diagram of a plant cell. They are also found only
in plant cells.
The function of the vacuole is
Why is the cell wall important to the plant cell