Exposition
Within the context of fiction, exposition is the mode
by which information is conveyed. The information
presented may be in the form of facts, explanation,
or opinion and may be used for a variety of
purposes, including the development of plot,
character, setting, and theme.
In Who Framed Roger Rabbit, we learn about the
world where cartoon and reality co-exist and about
Eddie Valiant and his demons, we learn about
Roger and Jessica and the plot against Toontown.
Novel
A book-length fictional prose
narrative. The novel has more
scope than a short story in its
presentation of plot, character,
setting, and theme.
Novel
A long fictional story
Lemony Snicket's, A Series of Unfortunate
Events by Daniel Handler
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway
Novel and Novella
Novella
A written fictional, straight to the point
narrative, and is longer than a novelette
and shorter than a novel.
Animal Farm
Of Mice and Men
The Metamorphosis
Billy Budd
The Old Man and the Sea
Orwell
Steinbeck
Kafka
Melville
Hemingway
Novelette
A short piece of a
fictional story that is
straight to the point
Strangers Wear Masks of
Your Face
by Ralph Robert Moore
Mother Earth
by Isaac Asimov
Expository
Five types of expository writingSequence- writing lists events or steps in
chronological order.
Descriptive essays- use the senses of sight,
smell, touch, hearing, and taste to provide the
reader with a mental image or feeling about the
subject.
Classification- writing uses an organizational
strategy to arrange groups of objects or ideas
according to a common theme.
Comparison- writing shows the similarities
and differences between two or more subjects.
Cause-and-effect- writing, also known as
analysis, identifies the reasons for an event or
situation.
Rising Action
After the relative calm of the exposition, there
is a gradual raising of the tension in the story
using danger, hazard, conflict and other
devices. The protagonist is usually deeply
involved in this, struggling with other people
and their own ability to handle the tension.
Rising action is often long and relatively slow,
and may occur through several storylines
which all act together to create the excitement
in the story.
Rising Action
In Romeo and Juliet, the
rising action is all of the
events that lead up to the
deaths of Romeo and Juliet
Rising Action
The Rising action: in the narrative of a work of fiction,
follows the exposition and leads up to the climax.
The rising action’s purpose is usually to build
suspense all the way up the climactic finish.
Rising Action came from the Greek philosopher
Aristotle put forth the idea that(“A whole is what has
a beginning and middle and end”) This three-part
view of a plot structure (with a beginning, middle,
and end) prevailed until German playwright and
novelist Gustav Freytag laid out what has come to be
known as Freytag’s pyramid.
Freytag’s Pyramid
Falling Action
 The Falling action: is the part of a story, usually found
in tragedies and short stories, following the climax and
showing the effects of the climax.
 The falling action follows the climax. Therefore, it
deals with the effects that the climax has on the
characters.
 Example: S. E. Hinton’s The Outsiders falling action in
the book are when: The greasers win the rumble
between them and the greasers; Dally dies; Ponyboy
recovers from his emotional and physical trauma.
Falling Action
• The part of a story, usually found in
tragedies and short stories, following
the climax and showing the effects of
the climax. It leads up to the
denouement (or catastrophe).
• Following Juliet’s death is the funeral
from both Romeo and Juliet and the
Prince blames everyone.
Falling Action
The part of a story, usually found in
tragedies and short stories, following
the climax and showing the effects of
the climax.
In Braveheart, everything that follows
William Wallace’s death is falling action.
In Gladiator, everything that follows
commodus’s death is falling action.
Climax
The climax or turning point of a narrative
work is its point of highest tension or drama
in which the solution is given.
The climax often occurring near the end of the
text or performance, after the rising action
and before the falling action. It is the moment
of greatest danger for the protagonist and
usually consists of a seemingly inevitable
prospect of failure, followed a hard-toanticipate recovery.
Climax
A climax includes three elements:
The most important element is that the
protagonist experiences a change.
The main character discovers
something about himself or herself, and
another unknown character.
The last element is revealing the theme
itself.
Climax
In The Outsiders the climax is when
Johnny, and Ponyboy went into the
Church while it was on fire to save the
kids Johnny is hit with a fallen timber
and dies later in the hospital because
of a broken back and many burns.
Dallas can’t take the fact that Johnny
is dead. He decides to rob a store and
gets chased by the cops and is shot to
death.