Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and
Skeletal Structure
Bone
Structure
Bone
Development
and Growth
Bone
Maintenance,
Remodeling,
and Repair
Skeletal
Elements
The Skeletal
System
Disorders
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FINAL ROUND
Topic 1:
$100 Question
Which cells are responsible for the
production of new bone?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. osteocytes
d. osteoprogenitor cells
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$100 Answer
Which cells are responsible for the
production of new bone?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. osteocytes
d. osteoprogenitor cells
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Question
Which of the following differences between
compact and spongy bone is accurate?
a. Osteons are present in compact bone
only.
b. Spongy bone is arranged into trabeculae.
c. Lamellae are present in compact bone
only.
d. All of the above are accurate.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Answer
Which of the following differences between
compact and spongy bone is accurate?
a. Osteons are present in compact bone
only.
b. Spongy bone is arranged into trabeculae.
c. Lamellae are present in compact bone
only.
d. All of the above are accurate.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Question
Which of the following statements
regarding the endosteum is incorrect?
a. The endosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells,
and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
b. Near joints, the endosteum becomes continuous
with the connective tissue network that
surrounds the joint.
c. The endosteum is active during bone growth, and
whenever repair or remodeling is occurring.
d. The endosteum is usually only one cell layer thick,
and is an incomplete layer, with the bone matrix
occasionally exposed.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Answer
Which of the following statements
regarding the endosteum is incorrect?
a. The endosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells,
and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
b. Near joints, the endosteum becomes continuous
with the connective tissue network that
surrounds the joint.
c. The endosteum is active during bone growth,
and whenever repair or remodeling is
occurring.
d. The endosteum is usually only one cell layer
thick, and is an incomplete layer, with the bone
matrix occasionally exposed.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Question
Which type of lamellae may have been produced
during the growth of the bone, or may represent
remnants of osteons whose matrix components
have been recycled during repair or remodeling
activities?
a. concentric lamellae
b. circumferential lamellae
c. interstitial lamellae
d. Haversian lamellae
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Answer
Which type of lamellae may have been produced
during the growth of the bone, or may represent
remnants of osteons whose matrix components
have been recycled during repair or remodeling
activities?
a. concentric lamellae
b. circumferential lamellae
c. interstitial lamellae
d. Haversian lamellae
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding the
trabeculae of spongy bone, in the femur, is false?
a. The trabeculae are oriented against stress lines, and
display extensive cross-bracing in the epiphyses.
b. At the distal epiphysis, the trabeculae direct the
forces across the knee joint to the leg.
c. At the proximal epiphysis, the trabeculae transfer
forces from the hip, across the metaphysis, to the
femoral shaft.
d. In addition to reducing weight and handling multidirectional stress, the open trabecular framework
provides support and protection for the cells of the
bone marrow.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding the
trabeculae of spongy bone, in the femur, is false?
a. The trabeculae are oriented against stress lines,
and display extensive cross-bracing in the
epiphyses.
b. At the distal epiphysis, the trabeculae direct the
forces across the knee joint to the leg.
c. At the proximal epiphysis, the trabeculae transfer
forces from the hip, across the metaphysis, to
the femoral shaft.
d. In addition to reducing weight and handling
multi-directional stress, the open trabecular
framework provides support and protection for
the cells of the bone marrow.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Question
Which of the following provides a good
example of endochondral ossification?
a. mandible
b. frontal and parietal bones of the
skull
c. limb bones
d. clavicle
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Answer
Which of the following provides a good
example of endochondral ossification?
a. mandible
b. frontal and parietal bones of the
skull
c. limb bones
d. clavicle
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Question
What is the term for the relatively narrow
cartilaginous region found at the
metaphysis of a developing long bone?
a. articular cartilage
b. epiphyseal cartilage
c. diaphyseal cartilage
d. metaphyseal cartilage
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Answer
What is the term for the relatively narrow
cartilaginous region found at the
metaphysis of a developing long bone?
a. articular cartilage
b. epiphyseal cartilage
c. diaphyseal cartilage
d. metaphyseal cartilage
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Question
During endochondral ossification, the
lengthening of the bone shaft stops and is
marked by which event(s)?
a. Capillaries and osteoblasts, on the epiphyseal
side, continue to invade lacunae of
chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage and
deposit new bone.
b. Epiphyseal cartilage production slows and
osteoblast activity increases.
c. Epiphyseal cartilage production increases and
osteoblast activity decreases.
ANSWER
d. a and c
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Answer
During endochondral ossification, the
lengthening of the bone shaft stops and is
marked by which event(s)?
a. Capillaries and osteoblasts, on the epiphyseal
side, continue to invade lacunae of
chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage and
deposit new bone.
b. Epiphyseal cartilage production slows and
osteoblast activity increases.
c. Epiphyseal cartilage production increases and
osteoblast activity decreases.
d. a and c
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$400 Question
Which of the following is false regarding
intramembranous ossification?
a. Intramembranous ossification is also known as
“dermal ossification.”
b. It begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into
osteoclasts within embryonic or fibrous
connective tissue.
c. It normally occurs in the deeper layers of the
dermis.
d. Examples of intramembranous ossification include
the frontal and parietal bones, the mandible, and
the clavicle.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$400 Answer
Which of the following is false regarding
intramembranous ossification?
a. Intramembranous ossification is also known as
“dermal ossification.”
b. It begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate
into osteoclasts within embryonic or fibrous
connective tissue.
c. It normally occurs in the deeper layers of the
dermis.
d. Examples of intramembranous ossification
include the frontal and parietal bones, the
mandible, and the clavicle.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Question
As the epiphyses become filled with spongy bone during
osteogenesis, several events occur. Which of the
following events is false?
a. A thin cap of the original cartilage model remains
exposed to the joint cavity as the articular
cartilage.
b. Within the epiphyseal plate, the chondrocytes are
organized into zones.
c. The chondrocytes at the epiphyseal side of the
cartilage are gradually replaced by bone.
d. Overall, the thickness of the epiphyseal cartilage
does not change.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Answer
As the epiphyses become filled with spongy bone during
osteogenesis, several events occur. Which of the
following events is false?
a. A thin cap of the original cartilage model remains
exposed to the joint cavity as the articular
cartilage.
b. Within the epiphyseal plate, the chondrocytes
are organized into zones.
c. The chondrocytes at the epiphyseal side of the
cartilage are gradually replaced by bone.
d. Overall, the thickness of the epiphyseal cartilage
does not change.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Question
Which type of fracture occurs when an
affected area is shattered into a multitude
of bony fragments?
a. transverse fracture
b. spiral fracture
c. comminuted fracture
d. Colles’ fracture
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Answer
Which type of fracture occurs when an
affected area is shattered into a multitude
of bony fragments?
a. transverse fracture
b. spiral fracture
c. comminuted fracture
d. Colles’ fracture
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Question
Regular exercise is important as a
stimulus that maintains normal bone
structure in which of the following groups
of people?
a. growing children
b. postmenopausal women
c. elderly men
d. All of the above.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Answer
Regular exercise is important as a
stimulus that maintains normal bone
structure in which of the following groups
of people?
a. growing children
b. postmenopausal women
c. elderly men
d. All of the above.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Question
What has been hypothesized as the mechanism
which controls the internal organization and
structure of bone?
a. degenerative changes after brief periods of
inactivity
b. osteoblast sensitivity to electrical events
c. osteoblast sensitivity to physical or
chemical events
d. increased muscular development, such as
weight training
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Answer
What has been hypothesized as the mechanism
which controls the internal organization and
structure of bone?
a. degenerative changes after brief periods
of inactivity
b. osteoblast sensitivity to electrical events
c. osteoblast sensitivity to physical or
chemical events
d. increased muscular development, such
as weight training
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$400 Question
Which of the following statements regarding age-related
skeletal abnormalities is false?
a. Maximal bone density is reached in the early
twenties and decreases as we age.
b. Vertebrae may collapse due to osteoporosis,
distorting the vertebral articulations and putting
pressure on spinal nerves.
c. The administration of calcitonin by nasal spray
appears to prevent the development of
osteoporosis.
d. For long term use to help reduce the risk of spine
and hip fractures in elderly women, exercise,
dietary calcium, and bisphosphonates are
recommended.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$400 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding age-related
skeletal abnormalities is false?
a. Maximal bone density is reached in the early
twenties and decreases as we age.
b. Vertebrae may collapse due to osteoporosis,
distorting the vertebral articulations and putting
pressure on spinal nerves.
c. The administration of calcitonin by nasal spray
appears to prevent the development of
osteoporosis.
d. For long term use to help reduce the risk of
spine and hip fractures in elderly women,
exercise, dietary calcium, and bisphosphonates
are recommended.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Question
Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of events, which
occur during the repair of a fracture?
1.
A swelling marks the location of the fracture.
2.
An internal callus forms as a network of spongy bone unites the
inner edges.
3.
A large hematoma develops.
4. The cartilage of the external callus has been replaced by bone,
and struts of spongy bone unite the broken ends.
a. 3-1-2-4
b. 2-1-3-4
c. 1-3-2-4
d. 3-2-4-1
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Answer
Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of events, which
occur during the repair of a fracture?
1.
A swelling marks the location of the fracture.
2.
An internal callus forms as a network of spongy bone unites
the inner edges.
3.
A large hematoma develops.
4.
The cartilage of the external callus has been replaced by bone,
and struts of spongy bone unite the broken ends.
a. 3-1-2-4
b. 2-1-3-4
c. 1-3-2-4
d. 3-2-4-1
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Question
Roughly one-third of the weight of bone is
from:
a. calcium phosphate
b. osteocytes
c. collagen fibers
d. calcium carbonate
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Answer
Roughly one-third of the weight of bone is
from:
a. calcium phosphate
b. osteocytes
c. collagen fibers
d. calcium carbonate
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Question
Regarding common bone marking
terminology, a small rounded projection is
called a ____.
a. tubercle
b. trochanter
c. tuberosity
d. condyle
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Answer
Regarding common bone marking
terminology, a small rounded projection is
called a ____.
a. tubercle
b. trochanter
c. tuberosity
d. condyle
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Question
Where would the skeletal opening known
as a “meatus” be found?
a. humerus
b. skull
c. os coxae
d. femur
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Answer
Where would the skeletal opening known
as a “meatus” be found?
a. humerus
b. skull
c. os coxae
d. femur
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Question
Which of the following anatomical terms
does not relate to processes formed for
articulations with adjacent bones?
a. condyle
b. facet
c. trochlea
d. spine
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Answer
Which of the following anatomical terms
does not relate to processes formed for
articulations with adjacent bones?
a. condyle
b. facet
c. trochlea
d. spine
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Question
Bones which are hollow or contain
numerous air pockets are found in which
anatomic location?
a. skull
b. vertebrae
c. os coxae
d. mandible
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Answer
Bones which are hollow or contain
numerous air pockets are found in which
anatomic location?
a. skull
b. vertebrae
c. os coxae
d. mandible
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Question
Which of the following statements is false
regarding osteopenia?
a. The reduction in bone mass occurs between
ages 40 and 50.
b. Everyone becomes slightly osteopenic as they
age.
c. Ultimately, osteoblast activity continues to
decline, while osteoclast activity continues at
pre-osteopenic levels.
d. The skeletons of men deteriorate at the rate of
about three percent per decade, once
osteopenia begins.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Answer
Which of the following statements is false
regarding osteopenia?
a. The reduction in bone mass occurs between
ages 40 and 50.
b. Everyone becomes slightly osteopenic as they
age.
c. Ultimately, osteoblast activity continues to
decline, while osteoclast activity continues at
pre-osteopenic levels.
d. The skeletons of men deteriorate at the rate of
about three percent per decade, once
osteopenia begins.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Question
How many inherited disorders of connective
tissues are recognized, in which a spontaneous
mutation in either the egg or sperm of unaffected
parents results in a genetically transmittable
condition?
a. less than 25
b. approximately 50
c. approximately 100
d. greater than 200
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Answer
How many inherited disorders of connective
tissues are recognized, in which a spontaneous
mutation in either the egg or sperm of unaffected
parents results in a genetically transmittable
condition?
a. less than 25
b. approximately 50
c. approximately 100
d. greater than 200
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Question
In which of the following congenital
skeletal disorders does the total mass of
the skeleton gradually increase as the
result of a decrease in osteoclast activity?
a. osteomalacia
b. osteopetrosis
c. gigantism
d. Marfan’s syndrome
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Answer
In which of the following congenital
skeletal disorders does the total mass of
the skeleton gradually increase as the
result of a decrease in osteoclast activity?
a. osteomalacia
b. osteopetrosis
c. gigantism
d. Marfan’s syndrome
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Question
What is the clinical term for a condition
characterized by gradual deformation of
the skeleton?
a. osteopenia
b. osteomalacia
c. Paget’s disease
d. osteogenesis imperfecta
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Answer
What is the clinical term for a condition
characterized by gradual deformation of
the skeleton?
a. osteopenia
b. osteomalacia
c. Paget’s disease
d. osteogenesis imperfecta
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Question
If both parents have achondroplasia, which of
the following statements is true?
a. Chances are that 33 percent of the
children will be unaffected.
b. Chances are that 50 percent of the
children will be affected to some degree.
c. Chances are that 15 percent of the
children will inherit two abnormal genes,
resulting in severe abnormalities and
early death.
ANSWER
d. All of the above are true.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Answer
If both parents have achondroplasia, which of
the following statements is true?
a. Chances are that 33 percent of the
children will be unaffected.
b. Chances are that 50 percent of the
children will be affected to some degree.
c. Chances are that 15 percent of the
children will inherit two abnormal genes,
resulting in severe abnormalities and
early death.
d. All of the above are true.
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Which is the correct sequence of the following events, which occur during the process
of endochondral ossification of a limb bone?
1.
Epiphyses become filled with spongy bone, and the epiphyseal plate separates
the epiphysis from the diaphysis.
2.
Blood supply to the periosteum increases, and capillaries and osteoblasts
migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
3.
As the cartilage enlarges, chondrocytes near the center of the diaphysis
increase greatly in size; the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4.
Secondary ossification centers form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into
the centers of the epiphyses.
5.
Cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts, and a “bone collar” is
formed around the shaft of the cartilage.
6.
Osteoclasts erode the central portion of the shaft, creating a medullary cavity.
a. 3-2-5-6-4-1
b. 6-3-5-2-4-1
c. 3-5-2-6-4-1
d. 2-4-1-6-3-5
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
Which is the correct sequence of the following events, which occur during the process
of endochondral ossification of a limb bone?
1.
Epiphyses become filled with spongy bone, and the epiphyseal plate separates
the epiphysis from the diaphysis.
2.
Blood supply to the periosteum increases, and capillaries and osteoblasts
migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
3.
As the cartilage enlarges, chondrocytes near the center of the diaphysis
increase greatly in size; the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4.
Secondary ossification centers form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into
the centers of the epiphyses.
5.
Cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts, and a “bone collar” is
formed around the shaft of the cartilage.
6.
Osteoclasts erode the central portion of the shaft, creating a medullary cavity.
a. 3-2-5-6-4-1
b. 6-3-5-2-4-1
c. 3-5-2-6-4-1
d. 2-4-1-6-3-5
BACK TO GAME