Intelligence Community and
Classified Information
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Intelligence and Information
• Information is data
– Gathered through a variety of means
• Intelligence is the result of analyzing
information
• Intelligence can be public (open source)
or classified
• Separate from policy
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US Intelligence Community
The IC is a federation of executive branch agencies and
organizations that work separately and together to conduct
intelligence activities necessary for the conduct of foreign
relations and the protection of the national security of the United
States. These activities include:
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Collection of information
Production and dissemination of intelligence;
Collection of information concerning, and the conduct of activities to
protect against, intelligence activities directed against the US,
international terrorist and international narcotics activities, and other
hostile activities directed against the US by foreign powers,
organizations, persons, and their agents;
Special activities;
Administrative and support activities within the US and abroad
necessary for the performance of authorized activities; and
Such other intelligence activities as the President may direct from
time to time.
Members of the IC
• Director of National
Intelligence
• Undersecretary of Defense for
Intelligence
• Air Force Intelligence
• Army Intelligence
• Central Intelligence Agency
• Coast Guard Intelligence
• Defense Intelligence Agency
• Department of Energy
• Department of Homeland
Security
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Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Drug Enforcement Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Marine Corps Intelligence
National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency
Navy Intelligence
Types of Intelligence
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Human Intelligence (HUMINT) - primarily CIA
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) - primarily NSA
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) - primarily NGA
Military Intelligence and Measurement and
Signature Intelligence (MASINT) - primarily
DIA
National Security Agency
•NSA founded in 1952
•Fort Meade, MD
•largest component of the Community in terms of
money and personnel
•Headed by uniformed officer and civilian deputy
•2 major functions
•make codes (INFOSEC)
•break codes (SIGINT and COMMINT)
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CIA
Mission Statement
To provide accurate, comprehensive, and
timely foreign intelligence on national
security topics
To conduct counterintelligence activities,
special activities, and other functions related
to foreign intelligence and national security,
as directed by the President.
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CIA
Founded in 1947
Successor of the OSS (Office Strategic Services)
Langley, VA
Budget and personnel about the size of the State Dept
$3.4 billion
9,000
Divided into 4 main directorates
a. Directorate of Operations (Plans/”Spying”)
b. Directorate of Intelligence (Analysis)
c. Directorate of Science and Technology
d. Directorate of Administration
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FBI
• The mission of the FBI is to uphold the law through
the investigation of violations of federal criminal law;
to protect the United States from foreign intelligence
and terrorist activities; to provide leadership and law
enforcement assistance to federal, state, local, and
international agencies; to perform these
responsibilities in a manner that is responsive to the
needs of the public and is faithful to the Constitution
of the United States.
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FBI Directorate of Intelligence
• The mission of the Intelligence Program is to
optimally position the FBI to meet current and
emerging national security and criminal threats by:
– Aiming core investigative work proactively against threats to
U.S. interests;
– Building and sustaining enterprise-wide intelligence policies
and capabilities; and
– Providing useful, appropriate, and timely information and
analysis to the national security, homeland security, and law
enforcement communities.
• Primary responsibility for domestic intelligence
• Other agencies must go through FBI
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Classified Information
• Intelligence and sensitive information is
protected by classification
• Individuals are restricted from accessing
classified information. Permission is
granted only if
– The individual has the proper clearance
and
– The individual has a need to know
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Levels of Classification
• Unclassified
• Confidential
– information which would "damage" national
security if disclosed.
• Secret
– Information which would cause "serious damage"
to national security.
• Top Secret
– information that would cause "exceptionally grave
damage" to national security if disclosed
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Additional Categories
• Compartmentalized Information
– Sensitive Compartmented Information
(SCI) in the IC
– Special Access Programs (SAP) in the
DoD
• Information is further protected, with
extra protections around need-to-know
• Information is segregated in SCIF areas
to limit access
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Security Clearances
• Difference IC agencies have their own
policies for granting clearances
• Investigations include
– NACLC
– SSBI
– Polygraph
• Top secret clearances can take 6
months to over a year
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Sharing Information
• There are lots of complex rules and
laws that make sharing information and
intelligence between agencies difficult
• Case study: FBI
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FBI Intelligence Cycle
•Requirements – what they must know to safeguard the
nation
•Planning & Direction – management of the effort.
•Collection – gathering of raw data
•Processing & Exploitation – converting raw data to
usable form.
•Analysis & Production – converting data into finished
intelligence.
•Dissemination – distribution of finished intelligence to
the consumer.
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Barriers to Law Enforcement
Information Sharing
 Policies and practices inhibit routine information
exchange
 Increasing sophistication of criminal activity
 Inadequate safeguards to promote trust and protect
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privacy
 Lack of coordination of information sharing initiatives
across law enforcement and homeland security
communities
 Inadequate technology tools and services
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Intelligence Sharing Roadmap to
the NIPP
 National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (2003)
 Intelligence Reform Act (2004)
 National Infrastructure Protection Plan (2006)
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National Criminal
Intelligence Sharing Plan
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National Model for Intelligence Sharing
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A Blueprint to Build or Enhance Intelligence
Gathering Systems
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Secure & Seamless Technology Architecture
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28 Specific Recommendations
Networked Information
Sharing
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FBI Direct Sharing & Exchange
• Share by rule and withhold by exception
• A three-level approach
– Top Secret-SCI level
– Secret level
– Unclassified
• Share with other law enforcement agencies and share within the
FBI
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FBI Electronic Sharing
• FBI Components of National Information Sharing Strategy
(NISS)
• N-Dex: National Data Exchange
• Incident & Event Reports
• Link Regional & State Systems
• Full Capacity in 2008
• R-Dex: Regional Data Exchange
• Access to FBI Investigative Files
• Operation in Five Regions
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• LEO: Law Enforcement Online
• SBU Portal to N-Dex, R-Dex, RISS.Net
• Virtual Command Posts