What is electromagnetic radiation?
• radiation moving at the speed of
light
To a certain degree the stability of
a nucleus can be correlated to its
ratio of _________ to ________
• Protons, neutrons
_____________ of cadmium or
boron are used to control the
fission process inside the reactor
by absorbing neutrons during the
reaction.
• Control rods
What type of radiation has sufficient
energy to damage DNA?
• Ionizing radiation
List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear
reactions.
•
•
•
•
Radioactive Decay
Nuclear Bombardment
Fission
Fusion
What is the name of the woman who
was a pioneer of nuclear chemistry?
• Marie Curie
What is the charge of an alpha
particle?
• +2
How are nuclear reactions different
from chemical reactions?
• Chemical = involve boding of
valence electrons; same types
& amounts of atoms on
reactant side as product side
• Nuclear = involve changes in
the nucleus
(protons/neutrons); different
atoms as reactant side as
compared to product s
What are the 3 types of nuclear
radiation?
• Alpha particles
• Beta particles
• Gamma rays
What is the nuclear symbol for an
alpha particle AND beta particle?
• Alpha =
• Beta =
What could stop gamma rays?
• Several cm of lead/cement
What could stop alpha particles?
• A piece of paper
What is the charge of a beta particle?
• -1
The spontaneous break-down of a
nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus,
accompanied by the emission of
nuclear radiation is known as ____
• Radioactive decay
Radiation with NOT enough energy to
ionize atoms or molecules is called
__________
• Non-ionizing radiation
Which type of nuclear radiation
travels at the speed of light?
• Gamma rays
Mass of fissionable material needed
to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is
called ________
• Critical mass
A general term for any type of energy
that emanates or radiates outward in
all directions is called ______
• Radiation
Write the hyphen notation of an
isotope of radium (Ra) with the mass
number of 238 and atomic number of
88
• Radium - 238
Write the nuclear symbol of an
isotope with an atomic number of 13
and a mass number of 29.
A change in the identity of a nucleus
because of a change in the number of
its protons is called ______
• Transmutation
What is fission?
• A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming
medium weight nuclei
Atoms of the same element having
different numbers of NEUTRONS and,
therefore, a different mass number
and atomic mass are called ________
• Isotopes
During fission and fusion
reactions, what is the relationship
between the MASS of the
reactants and the products?
• The mass of the products is LESS than
the mass of the reactants
What type of nuclear radiation
consists of particles containing
two protons and two neutrons?
• Alpha
Which type of nuclear radiation has
NO CHARGE?
• Gamma Rays
______ is the missing mass of a
nuclear reaction that is converted
into energy.
• Mass defect
Which type of nuclear radiation
has the LARGEST mass?
• Alpha particles
The time needed for the decay of one
half the atoms in a sample of
radioactive material is known
as______________
• ½ life
What powers the sun?
• FUSION
What type of nuclear reaction
occurs when the nucleus is hit
with alpha particles, neutrons,
protons or other particles?
• Nuclear Bombardment
Small amounts of mass are
converted to HUGE amounts of
energy according to Einstein's
famous formula. What is this
formula?
• E = mc2
What type of nuclear reaction
happens at TMI?
• FISSION
What is a benefit of radiation?
•
•
•
•
•
Medicine
Military
Anthropology
Food-microwaves
Energy- electricity
What type of radiation is emitted
in the following equation?
• Beta Particle
Balance the following equation.
Balance the following equation.
Which type of nuclear radiation has
the HIGHEST ionizing ability?
• Alpha Particle
List an example of how radiation is
BENEFICIAL.
•
•
•
•
•
Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment
Military – bombs
Anthropology – carbon dating
Food – microwaves
Electricity - TMI
Which type of nuclear radiation
has the LOWEST ionizing ability?
• Gamma rays
How long does it take one
radioactive atom to decay?
• It is impossible to tell!!
–Half-life is based on a sample of
radioactive atoms
What is fusion?
• 2 light weight nuclei combine to
form a heavier nucleus
Which would produce the MOST
energy from a reaction?
Fission OR Fusion
• FUSION