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Nordic Semiconductor
2.4GHz Ultra-Low RF Power Solutions
Rutronik, BeNeLux 24/25-11-2009
Asbjørn Fossmark
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Agenda
Nordic Semiconductor Intro
Nordic ULP RF Concept
Nordic 2.4GHz ULP Device Fast Facts
nRFGO Development platform
nRF + Gazelle Protocol RF Development Solution
ANT & ANT+
Bluetooth LE & Future Developments
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Nordic Semiconductor
Fast Facts
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•
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# devices sold
Established 26 yrs
Global presence, offices in Europe, Americas
& Asia
Sold over 70 million devices in 2008
Global leader in 2.4GHz ULP-RF market
Initial partner with Nokia for Bluetooth Low
Energy SIG
Partners
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008
2009
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What is ultra low power wireless?
Low power wireless
Battery powered applications
Ultra low power wireless
Battery powered applications
• AA or AAA
• Coin cell
• Lithium Ion rechargeable
• AA or AAA
Days – months of battery lifetime
Months – years battery lifetime
(LE)
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Coin cell battery operation
Peak current requirements
Low power
CR 2032 Coin cell
36mA
•
Max 20mA peak total
•
180mAh total capacity
20mA
27mA
25mA
Ultra
21mA
low power
13.5mA
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What can we learn from teens?
Golden rules of ultra low power wireless
Rule 1:
Do’s and don’ts
Do as little as possible
Don'ts
Rule 2:
If you have to do something,
do it quick and get back to rest.
• DSSS
• Low data rate (< 500kbps)
• Large overheads
•
Synchronous comm’s
Do’s
• Smart protocol
• Higher data rates (2Mbps)
• Minimize overhead
• Semi or Asynchonous comms
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Nordic RF Solutions Concept
Software
RF Silicon
 Proprietary software stacks
 Ultra low power proprietary
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Stand Alone Transceivers
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Application specific
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Embedded Transceivers
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Used in reference design
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Gazelle protocol
 Ultra low power Bluetooth
 ULP-BT software stacks
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Single Chip Radio
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Embedded Host Radio
RF
Silicon
Development
Tools
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For embedded systems
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Hosted and hostless applications
Software
Reference
Designs
Development Tools
 Development Kits
 Evaluation Studio
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PC software for development kits
 Software Development kits
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Reference Designs
 Target application reference
 Production ready
 Qualified
For embedded radios only
 Production Test Kits
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Strong portfolio of RF components for the ISM band
nRF905
433/868/915MHz transceiver
nRF9E5
433/868/915MHz transceiver with embedded MCU and ADC
nRF24L01+
2.4GHz Ultra Low Power (ULP) transceiver
Ultra-low cost and power with MultiCeiver technology
supporting up to six simultaneous wireless devices
nRF24LU1+
2.4GHz ULP transceiver single chip (RF + USB MCU + Flash)
Full-speed USB, microcontroller, AES Encryption and 16Kbyte flash
memory enabling ultra-compact USB dongles for wireless peripherals
nRF24LE1
2.4GHz ULP transceiver single chip (RF + MCU + Flash)
Low cost transceivers paired with an industry Enhanced 8051
core, and leading peripherals to create the world's first complete
low cost SoCs for global
nRF24AP2
2,4GHz transceiver with embedded ANT protocol
Ultra-low power 2.4GHz transceiver for wireless communication with
embedded ANT protocol for coin cell to coin cell operation for years of
operation. 8 channel and 1 channel device
.
nRF24Z1
2.4GHz Audio Streamer
SoC for CD quality audio streaming lossless16-bit, 48-kHz audio
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nRF24L01+ Platform Radio
Reference
Designs
Development
Tools
Software
RF
Silicon
Key features
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2.4 GHz Transceiver
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80 channels available
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Superior co-existence performance
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Supported air data-rates
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2 Mbps (-82dBm sensitivity)
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1 Mbps (-85 dBm sensitivity)
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250 kbps (-94 dBm sensitivity)
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Enhanced Shockburst
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Fully air compatible with previous 2.4GHz
Nordic transceivers
40 bit address
- Unique address
- Shared address
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nRF24L01+ Platform Radio
Reference
Designs
Development
Tools
Software
RF
Silicon
Key features
•
0dBm TX output power = 11.3mA
•
Receive current = 13mA
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Standby current = 26μA
•
Power down current = 0.9μA
2032 coin cell
Total capacity
= 180mA/H
Tx= 11.3mA
Battery performance is a function of time spent in power
down mode
Power down = 0.9μA
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The nRF24L01+
A micro ampere ultra low power wireless connectivity solution
Average radio current consumption [uA]
vs. report rate [ms]
45.0
Average current consumption [uA]
40.0
35.0
30.0
message rate = 1 secs
25.0
5μA
20.0
180mA 2032 = 10 yrs
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Report rate [ms]
Assumptions: 2 Mbps PTX: 1 Transaction per report, 1 transaction is 5 byte payload TX + Ack RX.
System is in power down between reports
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nRF24LE1
Same core – different package and I/O count
 29 generic I/O pins
 15 generic I/O pins
 7 generic I/O pins
 I/O intensive applications
 Medium I/O count applications
 Low I/O count application
nRF24LE1-F16Q24
nRF24LE1 4x4mm 24-pin
nRF24LE1-F16Q32
nRF24LE1 5x5mm 32-pin
nRF24LE1-F16Q48
nRF24LE1 7x7mm 48-pin
Flexible SoC solution based on nRF24L01+ core
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nRF24LE1
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Optimized for ULP, low cost applications
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Incorporates best-in-class nRF24L01+ transceiver
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3 Datarate modes – 2Mbs, 1Mbs, 250kbs
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16kB Flash + OTP variants available (flexibility/cost)
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32kHz RTC
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Extensive power management + timing options
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128-bit AES encryption engine
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10-bit ADC
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3 GPIO variants (7,15,29)
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400nA sleep mode
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PWM
Flash-based development, low-cost OTP production
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nRF24LE1 - Optimized platform for RF protocol stacks
Processing power, memory and special peripherals
Power
Consumption
Co-existence
Performance
Security
Performance
Fast system start after “sleep”
Features
Hardware data link security
Application Layer
Medium accuracy timing for
synchronous event
16 MHz RC
High accuracy timing for low
report rate systems
AES Acc
16 MHz XO
RNG
32 kHz RC
HE. Flash
32 kHz XO
RF Protocol
1k SRAM.
Timers
Power Mng.
MCU
( Up to 16MHz)
Storage of pairing info, security
keys, hopping tables and protocol
state
Flash memory
( 16k)
nRF24L01+
Transceiver
Processing power and memory
supports advanced RF protocol
stacks
Data flash
RTC
Generation of pairing ID, security
key, frequency hopping tables,
retransmission delays
Wide selection of power saving
modes for lowest power
consumption
High-performance
Ultra low power 2.4 GHz transceiver
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The nRF24LU1+
Enabling ultra compact USB dongles for wireless peripherals
nRF24LU1+, single chip USB solution integrating:
•
nRF24L01+ compatible 2.4GHz 2 Mbps transceiver
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Powerful 8051 compatible microcontroller (32kB Flash)
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Feature rich Full-speed USB (v2.0) device controller
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AES encryption engine (128 bit)
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Built-in drivers for seamless OS compatibility
Total 2.4GHz USB solution
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Ultra-compact USB dongle & antenna layout files available
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Complete application link solution:
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nRF24LU1+
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nRF24LE1
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Gazelle protocol
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Development platform
Overview
nRF24LE1 Development Kit,
nRF24LU1+ Development Kit,
BT-LE Development Kit (2010)
+
nRFgo Starter Kit
(nRF6700)
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Remote Control Reference Design
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nRFready Desktop: Remote control
Key features:
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Multi-application remote control
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25 buttons
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Joystick
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PCB antenna
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Ultra low power
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CR2032 coin cell battery = 1 to 5 yrs
operation
nRF device:
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nRF24LE1 F16Q32
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nRFready Desktop: USB dongle
Key features:
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Ultra miniature USB dongle
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20x12x4.5 mm
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Full mechanical design
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2 layer, single side mounted PCB
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PCB antenna
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15 m range at 2Mbs
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USB v2.0, HID class
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USB suspend with remote wake up
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Up to 5 device HW support
nRF device: nRF24LU1+
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32kB flash
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USB v2.0
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8051 compatible MCU
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Gazell™ Protocol Solution
Gazell Protocol
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Lack of protocol expertise with application developers
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Enabling an RF link is not the same as a stable and ’robust link’
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Need for lightweight protocol for low-cost small MCU operation
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Easy maintenance and support
Protocol requirements
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Efficient power management for battery operated applications
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Smart frequency agility to avoid interference sources (WiFi,
Bluetooth, other proprietary)
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Enable simultaneous multiple device links
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Easy maintenance and support
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Handle performance issues at 2.4GHz such as fading
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Gazell™ Link Layer Basic Concepts
Roles and network topology
Up to 6-to-1 star network topology
Gazell Device 1
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One Host
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Up to 6 Devices
Bi-directional communication
Device 2
Inherently Asynchronous operation
Device 3
Devices are initiators and independent
Gazell
Host
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Devices always initiate communication
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No sync between devices
Device 4
Device 5
CH1
CH2
2.4
2.480
Device 6
CH4
CH3
80 channels
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Gazell™
RF protocol stack
User
Defined
Complete RF protocol stack for nRF24xxx devices
Application
•
Developed and available as open source C code for
the nRF24LE1 and LU1+ MCU platform
Gazell API
Gazell™
Protocol Stack
Gazell™ Link layer:
Pairing
Module
Device
Profiles
Gazell™
Link Layer
Nordic 2.4GHz
Transceiver
Enhanced ShockBurst™
baseband engine
2.4GHz PHY
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Best in class co-existence performance
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Ultra low power consumption
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Low latency & low power modes in host
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4 communication modes in device
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High report rates possible < 4ms
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Multi device network support
Pairing module:
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Static and dynamic pairing
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Proximity pairing
Device profiles (pr. jan09):
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Mouse, Keyboard, Remote control
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Nordic ULP RF Solutions
Gazelle protocol:
The Gazelle protocol has been designed to carry data efficiently and
reliably within the 2.4GHz band, it is flexible and incorporates the
following features:
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Excellent power management
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Frequency hopping to avoid collisions
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Variable data rates upto 300kbs
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Variable latency from 500 messages/sec to messages in minutes
or hours
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Small memory usage, approx 8k RAM/ROM
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Written in ‘C’ very easy to understand and interface
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ANT & ANT+
The industry leading ultra low power network protocol
Ultra low power consumption
Highly resource optimized
Network flexibility and scalability
Years of battery lifetime on
a standard coin cell battery
Cost efficient chip implementation
Supports simple and advanced network
Low cost BOM
Multivendor interoperability with ANT+
Easy to use – Feature rich
Proven
Enables connectivity between devices
from different vendors using ANT+ profiles
No RF protocol expertise required
Millions of Nodes already shipped
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The ANT protocol stack
User application
Multivendor interoperability
Available for ANT+ Alliance members
ANT+ Profiles
Relaying
( C source code)
ANT File
Share
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Relay node extension
Reliable data download
( C-source code)
Host interface (synchronous / asynchronous)
Networking
Pairing
ANT Core stack
Interference avoidance
Logical channels
Data reliability
Ultra low power 2.4GHz PHY
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ANT target markets
Sport Sensors
Health Sensors
(ANT+ Definitions)
Heart rate
Speed and distance
Wheel Cadence
Bike Speed
Bike speed and Cadence
Weight Scale
Bike Power
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Activity / Pedometer
Body Temp
Calorimeter
VO2
SPO2
ECG
Weight Scale
latest ANT+ definitions
Body Temp
VO2
Tire Pressure
Gear Position
Altitude
Radar
Fitness Equipment
Treadmills
Spin Bikes
Rowing Machines
Weight Machines
Ergo meters
Steppers
Health
Management
Programs
Shared communication
between portable and
fixed displays a key to
continuous data
collection and activity
tracking
Display Manufacturers
Bike Computer
Sport Watch
PDA
Cell Phone
PC
Fitness Console
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ANT vs. ANT+
Protocol-wise, ANT+ is on top of ANT
ANT+
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Is Single Frequency a valid approach?
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Personal Area Networks have very short range
connections.
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Most interference is not CW (constant wave).
•
Single frequency avoidance techniques are still
required in multi-frequency schemes.
•
Wireless is a lossy medium, look at MER not
feature sets.
But does it work?
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Typical sport sensor applications see MER of less than 2%.
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The latest generation ANT products can support up to 300 1Hz transmitters
in proximity on the same frequency.
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Over 5 million nodes shipped!
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The flexibility of ANT
Power VS Data Integrity
Increased Data Integrity
Authenticated link
Broadcast
Acknowledged
Interference
avoidance
Single frequency
Frequency hopping
Data security
No encryption
AES128 encryption
(ANT data type)
Decreased Power Consumption
Compared to competitive solutions, ANT will always be significantly lower
power for the same data rate and level of data integrity.
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The nRF24AP2
Second generation ANT™ single chip solutions
1-channel nRF24AP2
(nRF24AP2-1CH)
1 ANT Channel – Ideal for sensors
8-channel nRF24AP2
(nRF24AP2-1CH)
8 ANT Channels – Ideal for hubs
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ANT Alliance members
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µBlue™
Single mode Bluetooth low energy solution
update
Disclaimer:
The images of trademarks and product designs illustrated in this presentation should not be understood to imply any level of commitment or
implementation plans by respective owners thereof. Instead, the images are used to illustrate the potential use cases of the technology. This presentation,
Disclaimer and the images herein, or any part thereof, should not be used publicly at any time without the explicit written consent by respective owners.
ANT, ANT+ and SensRcore are Trademarks of Dynastream Corporation. The Bluetooth word mark and logo are registered trademarks and are owned by
the Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
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Dual Mode / Single Mode
Two implementation options
Dual Mode
Single Mode
• Combines BR/EDR and LE Bluetooth on a single
chip
• Bluetooth low energy only
• Minimum delta cost vs. BR/EDR only
• Coin cell battery operation
• Use anywhere where BR/EDR is used today
• New class of devices
• The true ultra low power implementation
Remote controls
Mobile phones
Laptop PCs
Sports and fitness
+++
Watches
Desktop PCs
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Roadmap
First generation µBlue™
Late 2009
2010 -
Single mode
Single mode
slave solutions
master solutions
nRF8001
Applications
nRF8011
 Single chip Bluetooth low energy
 Watches
 Single chip Bluetooth low energy
 Pure slave
 Remote controls
 Pure Master
 Mobile phone accessories
nRF8200
 low energy application
microcontroller controller
 Sports sensors
nRF8012
 Healthcare sensors
 Single chip Bluetooth low energy
 Automation and control
 Multilink Master + Slave
Applications
 Sports Watches
 CE Equipment
 Sensors hubs
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µBlue™
A true coin cell Bluetooth low energy solution
nRF8001
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Single mode Bluetooth® low energy slave solution
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Fully integrated Phy, Link Controller and Host
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13.5mA peak current
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Down to 17µA average current with 1s connection interval
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Complete solution with µBlue SDK
•
5x5mm QFN package
Prototype samples
Qualified samples
(Selected customer)
(Bluetooth low energy v1.0)
October 2009
Q1 2010
Mass production
Q2 2010
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True ultra low power operation
Peak currents
Coin cell battery operation
Active
( Linear regulator)
13.5mA
Standby (32k XO)
3uA
Deep sleep
500nA
•
13.5mA peak w/ linear reg.
•
Headroom for application
1 year+ battery lifetime
•
Standard coin cell CR2032
(220mAh)
•
24/7 operation
•
1s connection interval
•
17µA average current
Connected mode average currents
(Linear regulator, SCA = MCA = 50ppm, 168 bit packet length)
2s interval
10µA
1s interval
17µA
250ms interval
55µA
Advertising mode average currents
(Linear regulator, SCA = MCA = 50ppm, 216 bit packet length,
all three advertising channels, connectable)
2s interval
29µA
1s interval
56µA
250ms interval
110µA
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µBlue™
Important considerations
Challenges:
•
Likely to become prevalent in phones 2011-2012
•
Bluetooth will represent a more involved development effort than
proprietary solution
•
70k USD typically to fully qualify as a final Bluetooth product
•
Device implementation of Bluetooth most suited to larger volume
applications
Solutions:
•
Bluetooth-LE modules may represent a better cost/risk solution for
smaller volume applications
•
Nordic has begun working with module makers to ensure this solution is
available
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Nordic Technical Support & Assistance
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OBTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Procedure:
•
Goto:
http://www.nordicsemi.no/sup_com/pro.php
•
Make a bookmark or favorite of web address
•
Entire all fields fully
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OBTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Procedure:
•
Fill out all fields, including distributor being used
•
Any attached files must be zipped files
•
Write a detailed description of issue to enable
engineers to assist you in the best manner
possible
•
Remember to hit send button when completed
- 40 -
Nordic Semiconductor
2.4GHz Ultra-Low RF Power Solutions
Rutronik, BeNeLux 24/25-11-2009
Asbjørn Fossmark
- 41 -