'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
What do you think an ideology is? I’d like a guess. If you are totally
stuck and have no guess at all then get an iPad and see what you
can find.
Use a post-it and write what you guess/find.
a system of ideas and ideals,
especially one which forms
the basis of economic or
political theory and policy.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Objectives
For you to try to discover what the aims of all seven of the Russian
rulers were and to compare those aims.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Task 1 – Match the ideologies to the rulers. Match the beliefs to
the rulers.
Draw arrows if some boxes apply to more than one ruler. And they
do. Use pages 16 to 27 if you feel you need to look something up.
We will pause twice so that I can explain two things to you.
Pause 1 – What happened when the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks split
up? Why did the Social Democrat Party split at all? Pg26.
Pause 2 – What was a ‘left communist’ and why were they upset
about NEP? Pg27.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Which ideology does this apply to?
Marxism-LeninismStalinism
Marxism-Leninism
Liberal Democracy
Autocracy
There should be more freedom for people to
support whichever political party they wished,
to write whatever they like in publications and
to be free from political persecution in any
form. Free, democratic elections would take
place.
Liberal Democracy
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Which ideology does this apply to?
Marxism-LeninismStalinism
The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one country,
would spread across the globe to eventually be the only
existing ideology.
Marxism-Leninism
The belief that society throughout history has been organised
in a ‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of people at the
expense of the majority who suffer and are exploited.
Liberal Democracy
Autocracy
The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and
hold complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia
for a better society. That the population was not ready to rule
itself. This is known as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After
the dictatorship of the proletariat had established ideal
conditions, power would them be handed over to the people
and there would be no more dictatorship.
Marxism-Leninism
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Which ideology does this apply to?
Marxism-LeninismStalinism
Marxism-Leninism
Liberal Democracy
Autocracy
The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one country, would
spread across the globe to eventually be the only existing ideology.
The belief that society throughout history has been organised in a
‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of people at the expense of the
majority who suffer and are exploited.
The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and hold
complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia for a better
society. That the population was not ready to rule itself. This is known
as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of the
proletariat had established ideal conditions, power would them be
handed over to the people and there would be no more dictatorship.
How is
Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism
different? (hint: addition needed)
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Which ideology does this apply to?
Marxism-LeninismStalinism
Marxism-Leninism
Liberal Democracy
Autocracy
The belief that God is all powerful and if he did not approve
of a ruler, he would not have allowed him to be ruler.
Therefore the ruler acts in such a way because God wills it
and can therefore make decisions as he sees fit. This is
known as Divine Right.
The belief that it was necessary for one person, supported by
a small number of people to hold all the power in Russia
because it was too huge and diverse to operate effectively
otherwise. In addition because the majority of people were
illiterate, uneducated peasants that would not be able to
make informed decisions to help themselves.
The belief that it was the paternalistic(fatherly) duty of the
ruler to look after the population.
Autocracy
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
So who do these apply to?
The belief that it was necessary for
one person, supported by a small
number of people, to hold all the
power in Russia because it was too
huge and diverse to operate
effectively otherwise. In addition
because the majority of people were
illiterate, uneducated peasants that
would not be able to make informed
decisions to help themselves.
The Bolsheviks and the Tsars
The belief that a small number of
people needed to lead and hold
complete and absolute power in
order to prepare Russia for a
better society. That the
population was not ready to rule
itself. This is known as a
‘dictatorship of the proletariat’.
After the dictatorship of the
proletariat had established ideal
conditions, power would them be
handed over to the people and
there would be no more
dictatorship.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
So who do these apply to?
Believed firmly that everything that had
happened in the previous ideology was
wrong and that they should attempt to do
things very differently.
Prov Gov, Lenin and Khrushchev. Arguably Stalin. Arguably Alex III.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
So who do these apply to?
Had a tutor called Pobedonestsev whilst
growing up, who taught that the Russian
Slavic peoples were inherently lazy and that
only a small handful of people had the
ability to intelligently tackle problems. Also
taught that democracy was ‘the biggest lie
of our time’.
Alexander III, Nicholas II.
'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you
agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013
Plenary
You will either be arguing that the aims were different. Or that
they weren’t.
Prepare your argument by writing down points that you will say to
support your side of the argument.
The belief that it was the paternalistic(fatherly) duty of
the ruler to look after the population.
Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism
The belief that God is all powerful and if he did not
approve of a ruler, he would not have allowed him to be
ruler. Therefore the ruler acts in such a way because
God wills it and can therefore make decisions as he
sees fit. This is known as Divine Right.
Marxism-Leninism
Liberal Democracy
Autocracy
The belied that harsh measures had to be taken to
transform Russia and that death was acceptable. Utter
and complete control of the lives of everybody in Russia
must rest in the hands of one individual for this to be
achieved. Also belief that absolute obedience was a
necessity and anybody who was disobedient in any way
should be eliminated.
Believed firmly that everything that had happened in
the previous ideology was wrong and that they
should attempt to do things very differently.
Believed firmly that a small group called the Party
Central Committee would need to hold power in the
interests of the people and that there was no need
for a period of democracy.
Alexander II
Nicholas II
Only make significant reform to government
structures when he thought he had no choice and
then reversed his reform as much as possible as soon
as possible.
Provisional Government
Alexander III
Lenin
Stated publically that ‘The All-Russian Emperor
possesses the supreme autocratic power.’
Khrushchev
The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one
country, would spread across the globe to eventually be
the only existing ideology.
The belief that society throughout history has been
organised in a ‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of
people at the expense of the majority who suffer and are
exploited.
The belief that a small number of people needed to lead
and hold complete and absolute power in order to
prepare Russia for a better society. That the population
was not ready to rule itself. This is known as a
‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of
the proletariat had established ideal conditions, power
would them be handed over to the people and there
would be no more dictatorship.
Wanted to catch up with the west.
Believed that Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism was wrong
and that Stalin was a megalomaniac who distorted
the teachings of Lenin.
Believed in collective leadership, but that one person
should ultimately be in control.
StaIin
Had a tutor called Pobedonestsev whilst growing up,
who taught that the Russian Slavic peoples were
inherently lazy and that only a small handful of
people had the ability to intelligently tackle
problems. Also taught that democracy was ‘the
biggest lie of our time’.
The belief that it was necessary for one person,
supported by a small number of people to hold all the
power in Russia because it was too huge and diverse to
operate effectively otherwise. In addition because the
majority of people were illiterate, uneducated peasants
that would not be able to make informed decisions to
help themselves.
The belief that the ideology must be secured firmly in
Russia and energy should not be unnecessarily wasted
trying to spread the ideology around the world – unless
the opportunity to do so was too good.
Has been accused by historians of megalomania
which means that a person believes in their own
importance and that they are in some way special.
Has been judged by some historians as believing
totally that strict Five Year Plans were the only way
to transform Russia and catch up with the west.
There should be more freedom for people to support
whichever political party they wished, to write whatever
they like in publications and to be free from political
persecution in any form. Free, democratic elections
would take place.