The Overall Classification of this
Briefing is: UNCLASSIFIED
Maritime Domain Awareness
Asia Pacific Heads of Maritime Safety Agencies
9th Forum
Commander Jim Robbins, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters
April 2006
UNCLASSIFIED
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
Transnational Challenges
MDA Concept
International MDA Cooperative Initiatives
Challenging Issues
Proposed Way Ahead
UNCLASSIFIED
Maritime Domain Awareness
The Challenge
Terrorists use
smuggling routes for:
• Attack operations
• Logistics
• Revenue generation
•
•
•
•
World Trade
10,000 cargo destinations
Over 5 billion tons/year trade
$4 Trillion (US) /year
95% of maritime trade travels
through 9 chokepoints
All countries must have global maritime
awareness to deny Terrorists use of the seas
UNCLASSIFIED
Global Challenges to Maritime Security
•
•
•
•
•
Terrorism
Organized crime
Piracy
Drug smuggling
Human smuggling and
slavery
• Illegal weapons
movement/proliferation
• Exclusive Economic
Zone (resource)
exploitation
• Illegal fishing
• Trade disruption
• Illegal migration
• Search and Rescue
• Environmental attack
Nations find their well-being challenged by these
common threats to Maritime Security
UNCLASSIFIED
MDA Defined
The effective
understanding of
anything associated
with the global
Maritime Domain that
could impact security,
safety, economy, or
the environment
Maritime Homeland Security
(DHS-led: USCG)
Security
Maritime
Domain
Awareness
Maritime Safety,
Commercial Interests,
Environmental Protection
Defense
Maritime Homeland Defense
(DoD-led: USNORTHCOM)
UNCLASSIFIED
Foundation for Global MDA
International Agreements
Global
Regional
Security
Initiatives
Individual
Nations
Container Security Initiative
Proliferation Security Initiative
High Seas
LRIT, ISPS, AIS Carriage
Boundary “Seams”
Int’l Straits
Regional Associations
MALSINDO
Approaches
North Pacific Forum
Regional Waters
European Union
Archipelagic Waters
NATO
Boundary “Seams”
Maritime Safety
& Security
Territorial Waters
Harbors
Boundary “Seams”
Ports
Exclusive Economic Zone
UNCLASSIFIED
Surveillance
Reporting
Responding
International MDA Initiatives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Security & Prosperity Partnership
SAFESEANET
Equasis
Virtual – Regional Maritime Traffic Center
North Pacific Coast Guard Forum
Malaccan Straits
Vessel Reporting Systems
Vessel Monitoring Systems
UNCLASSIFIED
Security & Prosperity Partnership
• March 2005 heads of state for U.S., Canada,
and Mexico agreed to create SPP
• June 2005 work plan published with 10 goals
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Traveler Security
Cargo Security
Border Facilitation
Aviation Security
Maritime Security
Law Enforcement Cooperation
Intelligence Cooperation
Bioprotection
Protection, Prevention and Response
Science and Technology
UNCLASSIFIED
Security Prosperity Partnership
Goal 5 / Maritime Security
Deliverable
Timeline
Forum
Lead
Supporting
Goal 5:
Develop and implement a strategy to enhance North American maritime transportation and port security
Objective 5.1:
Port and Vessel Security: Collaborate in the enhancement of security of our ports and vessels through the conduct of equivalent threat,
vulnerability and risk assessments, and mutually recognized audit programs (dual bi-national)
binational
5.1.1 Create a North American Maritime Transportation Security
Working Group to lead and coordinate these activities
(trilateral)
5.2.3 Develop and implement plans to collaborate on maritime
domain awareness (MDA) including identifying:
- Common understandings of MDA priorities, duplications,
gaps and opportunities for improvements
- Immediate improvements to MDA
- Collaborative MDA strategies and longer term plans
(Canada-U.S.)
- A joint protocol for dealing with foreign vessels plying one
country’s waters but bound for the other country’s port(s) in
instances where such vessels are considered/suspected of
being a threat (U.S.-Mexico)
- Strategies for long range tracking of vessels and enhanced
coastal tracking of small vessels on international voyages
(dual binational)
- Possible options for improved interoperability in maritime
communications of both sea and air units of Mexico’s Navy
and the U.S. Coast Guard/U.S. Navy (U.S.-Mexico)
UNCLASSIFIED
6 months
12 months
12 months
24 months
24 months
33 months
12 months
North American
Maritime
Security
Working
Group
TC
DHS
SCT
DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS,
CBSA, DFO/CCG,
FAC, DOJ, NRCan
DOT, DOD, DOS
SEMAR
Canada-U.S.
Maritime
Security WG
Mexico-U.S.
Maritime
Security
Working
Group
TC
DHS
SEMAR
DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS,
CBSA, DFO/CCG, FAC,
DOJ, NRCan
DOT, DOD
SHCP (AGA), SRE, PGR,
SCT
European Union’s SAFESEANET
Objective: Facilitate Communication among Competent
Authorities at local/regional level and central authorities to:
 Prevent accidents and
pollution
 Implement EU safety
legislation
 Collect & Disseminate
Maritime Data
 Harmonize the exchange
of data
UNCLASSIFIED
SAFESEANET – How it Works
UNCLASSIFIED
Equasis
• Electronic Quality Ship Information System
• Global Port State Control information
• MOU originally signed by :
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
European Commission
France
Singapore
Spain
United Kingdom
US Coast Guard
Japan
Brings together scattered bits
of information and provides
users with a complete
perspective of a ship’s
characteristics and
management
• Expanding to include Indian Ocean regional
participants
• Private sector participation is voluntary
UNCLASSIFIED
Equasis Providers
• Port State Control Regimes
– (Paris MOU, Tokyo MOU, USCG)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Private inspections
IACS Classification Societies
International Group of P&I Clubs
Other P&I Club(s)
Green Award
Intertanko
Intercargo
International Ship Managers' Association (ISMA)
International Labour Organization
International Transport Workers' Federation
Lloyd's Register Fairplay
UNCLASSIFIED
The Italian Navy’s V-RMTC
(Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre)
PARTICIPANTS (25 NATIONS)
ALBANIA, ALGERIA, BULGARIA, CROATIA,
CYPRUS, EGYPT, FRANCE, GERMANY,
GREECE, ISRAEL, ITALY, JORDAN, MALTA,
MAURITANIA, MOROCCO, PORTUGAL,
ROMANIA, RUSSIA, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO,
SLOVENIA, SPAIN, TUNISIA, TURKEY, UK, USA
•
•
•
•
THE ITALIAN ROLE
PARTICIPATION IN UN,
NATO AND EU FORA
DEVELOPMENT OF BIMULTILATERAL TIES
REGIONAL SEAPOWER
SYMPOSIUM AS
AN IDEAL FRAMEWORK
UNCLASSIFIED
INFORMATION EXCHANGE REQUIREMENTS
• MOVEMENTS TO/FROM NATIONAL PORTS
• daily reports from each NOC to CINCNAV
• daily summary from CINCNAV to all NOCs
• POSITIONS AT SEA (when available)
• LINERS AND MERCHANT VESSELS ONLY
(NO FERRIES, FISHING AND SAILING
BOATS), GROSS TONNAGE 300 TONS OR
ABOVE
V-RMTC
(Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre)
Private Sector
Ship Data: Name, Call Sign, IMO
Number, Cargo, etc…
Voyage Data: Origin, destination,
intermediate stop, etc…
NATO
Shipping Centre
Northwood, UK
Volunteer Reporting
Military
International
Operation Active Endeavor
NMCIS
NATO’s GCCS
V-RMTC
Rome, IT
Text Data
Track
Fleet Forces
Command
Message
Intel Analysis
Data Correlation
Regional
Navy GCCS
Coordination/Reporting
NATO Units
UNCLASSIFIED
US Units
V-RMTC Pilot Project
WHAT V-RMTC IS :
A
VIRTUAL
NETWORK
CONNECTING
NAVAL
OPERATIONAL CENTRES OF THE ADHERING NATIONS
 PART OF AN INTEGRATED REGIONAL INTERAGENCY
STRATEGY
WHAT V-RMTC IS NOT:
 A DUPLICATION OF EXISTING ORGANIZATIONS
 AN INTELLIGENCE NET
 A NATO-RELATED AGENCY (NON RELEASABILITY OF
INFORMATION TO NATO AS AN ORGANIZATION, ONLY
TO NATO MEMBERS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS)
UNCLASSIFIED
Sample Report
UNCLASSIFIED
North Pacific Coast Guard Forum
Maritime Information Exchange
using North Pacific Heads of
Coast Guard Automated System
• Encrypted exchange among
participant’s command centers
• Validated during August 2005
Exercise
• Sighting information, track
data, vessel information,
imagery, and crew data were
passed
UNCLASSIFIED
Sample NPHCGAS Screen
UNCLASSIFIED
Malacca Straits
• Cooperative Maritime Awareness
Advance Concept Technology
Deployment
• MALSINDO
• Regional Cooperation
Agreement on Combating Piracy
and Armed Robbery Against
Ships
UNCLASSIFIED
Cooperative Maritime Awareness Project
Regional Mil
Sources
Regional non-Mil
• Port Authority
• Law Enforcement
• Customs
• Etc.
Current
COP Feeds
Military/
Interagency
Responders
Special
DOD Sources
CENTRIX/APAN
Regional C2 Centre
•Regional multi-source
fusion
Regional
Responders
PACOM
•COP Fusion
Special
DOS Sources
Special
DOC Sources
Other
UNCLASSIFIED
NMCC
Other
COCOMs
Vessel Reporting Systems
Global MDA for Search and Rescue
• AMVER
Regional MDA for Search and Rescue
• Australia
– AUSREP
– REEFREP
• Chile
– CHILREP
• China
– CHRISREP
UNCLASSIFIED
• India
– INDSAR
– ISLEREP
• Japan
– JASREP
• New Zealand
• Republic of Korea
– KOSREP
• Russia
Vessel Monitoring Systems
VMS Implemented
Australia
Canada
EU
Japan
New Zealand
Russia
South Africa
United States
VMS Planned
Argentina
Chile
China
Panama
Peru
Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFBs)
Management Bodies (incorporating VMS)
North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
Management Bodies
North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
(WCPFC)
Advisory Bodies
South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA)
International exchange of data for fisheries
enforcement
UNCLASSIFIED
Challenging Issues
International Information Sharing Poses Some
Challenging Issues
• Policy
 Legal
 Proprietary
 Risk/benefit
 Intra-government
• Technology
 Cost
• Means
 Bi-lateral Agreements
 Multi-lateral
 International Conventions
UNCLASSIFIED
APHMSA MDA Way Ahead




Shape vision with fellow members
Identify common mission areas
Pursue bilateral solutions
Follow with multilateral or forum-wide
protocols
 Start small, build trust, and expand
Prototype Information sharing Agreement w/ Chile
vessel departure information
UNCLASSIFIED
Proposed IMO LRIT Amendment
• COMSAR 10 (March 2006)
– Completed Performance
Standards & Functional
Requirements for LRIT
• LRIT Issues for MSC 81 (10-19
May)
– Port, Coastal, Flag State
– Distance for Coastal State
Tracking
– Approval of Performance
Standards & Functional
Requirements
– Adoption of Amendment
UNCLASSIFIED
Proposed LRIT System Architecture
UNCLASSIFIED