3/16/15
• Transports materials in
the blood.
▫ Takes nutrients from
the digestive system and
oxygen from the
respiratory system to
the cells
▫ Carries away carbon
dioxide and other cell
waste materials.
• Heart and blood
vessels
▫ Blood is a type
of tissue in the
circulatory
system.
• Hollow organ that
pushes blood
throughout the
circulatory system
▫ 2 halves/pumps : right
side and left side
▫ divided by a wall
called the septum
• Pumps blood to the lungs
• Two chambers - right atrium
on top and right ventricle on
bottom.
• This side of the heart has
oxygen-poor blood (OPB) in
it, meaning there’s not much
oxygen in this blood.
• OPB carried to lungs by
pulmonary artery.
• In the lungs, blood picks up
oxygen and get rid of carbon
dioxide and excess water
• Pumps blood to the rest of the
•
•
•
•
•
body
Two chambers - left atrium on
top left ventricle and left
ventricle on bottom; valves
between them
This side of the heart has
oxygen-rich blood (ORB) in it,
meaning lots of oxygen.
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenrich blood (ORB) back from the
lungs
ORB enters Left Atrium from
the lungs. Then it is pumped to
the Lt. Ventricle.
Lt. Ventricle pumps blood
through the aorta to the body
 Blood from the body comes into the right atrium,
then moves to the right ventricle.
 Right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs.
 Picks up oxygen in the lungs and is pumped back to
the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left
atrium.
 Moves to the left ventricle and is pumped to the body
through the aorta.
• Arteries:
▫ Carry blood away from
the heart to the body
▫ Strong walls that are
thick and elastic
(stretchy).
• Veins:
▫ Carry blood to the heart
from the body
▫ Walls are thinner than
in arteries
▫ Generally larger in
diameter than arteries
• Capillaries:
▫ Very narrow blood
vessels
▫ Connect arteries and
veins
▫ Materials are exchanged
between cells and the
blood: Example oxygen is exchanged for
carbon dioxide
• A tissue made of
plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells and
platelets
• WBC = white blood
cells
• RBC = red blood cells
1. Plasma:
▫ A fluid that makes up
60% of blood
▫ Contains proteins,
glucose, hormones,
gases, and other
substances dissolved
in water
• Red blood cells:
▫ More
numerous than
white blood cells
▫ Pick up oxygen
in the lungs and
deliver it to cells
• White blood cells:
▫ Help your body fight
infection
▫ Attack disease-causing
organisms
• Platelets:
▫ Large cell
fragments
▫ Help form blood
clots when a
blood vessel is
injured
▫ Enlarge and get
sticky. They stick
to the injured area
and release
chemicals that
result in blood
clotting
• Force the blood exerts on the
walls of your blood vessels when
the heart contracts
• Important to maintain healthy
blood pressure so that materials in
the blood get to all the parts of
your body
• Low blood pressure can cause
some cells not to get oxygen and
other materials
• High blood pressure can weaken
blood vessels and require the heart
to work harder.
• Many things contribute to the
risk of a heart attack:
▫ Plaque build up in coronary
arteries due to high cholesterol
or fatty diet
▫ Smoking
▫ High blood pressure
3/16/15
 Function #1: Get oxygen
from the environment and
remove carbon dioxide.
 Air enters your body when
you inhale
 Oxygen is transported to
your cells through the
circulatory system
 Carbon dioxide and other
waste gases exit your body
when you exhale.
 Proper levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your cells
are essential
 IF levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide change, your brain or
blood vessels will signal the body to breathe faster or
slower
 Function #2 – Communication
 Examples – speaking, singing,
sighing, laughing, etc.
 Air moving over your vocal
cords allows you to produce
sound
 The muscles in your throat,
mouth, cheeks, and lips, allow
you to form sound into words.
 Function #3 – Protection / keeping out harmful
materials
 sneezing, coughing, etc.
 Happens in your cells – not just respiratory system!
 Uses oxygen in chemical reactions that release
energy
 Respiratory system works with the digestive and
circulatory systems to make this possible
 Carbon dioxide and water are waste products of this
process
 Nose
 Air enters the body
through your nose or
mouth
 Inside your nose, tiny
hairs called cilia, filter
dirt and other particles
out of the air
 Mucus also helps filter
air by trapping particles
 Nasal cavity warms the
air slightly
Cilia
enlarged
 Throat (Pharynx)
 Passage between
nose and trachea
 Food also passes
through the throat
 Trachea
 Tube-like structure
 Also called the wind pipe
 Surrounded by cartilage
rings that keep the tube
open
 Epiglottis – flexible flap of cartilage
 In the throat - closes over the trachea when you swallow
 Prevents food and liquids from entering the lungs
 Larynx / vocal cords
 Sometimes called the
voice box
 Found in your neck at
the top of your
trachea
 Vocal cords are folds of
tissue in the larynx –
they contract/relax and
air moves over them to
produce sound.
 Lungs
 Two large organs located on either side of your heart
 Contain alveoli
 Bronchial tubes or bronchi
 Carry air into each lung
 Branch throughout the lungs into smaller and smaller
tubes
 Alveoli
 Found in the lungs
at the ends of the
smallest bronchial
tubes
 Tiny air sacs – air
enters
 Only one cell thick
 Collect oxygen and
exchange it with
carbon dioxide
 Diaphragm
 Large muscle that
stretches across the
floor of the chest cavity
under your lungs
 When you inhale, your
diaphragm contracts
and pulls down
 When you exhale, your
diaphragm and other
muscles relax
 Tissues in the bronchial
tubes swell and muscles
spasm, making airways
narrow
 The person can’t get air
into or out of the lungs
easily
 This reduces the amount
of oxygen entering the
blood stream