Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
THE PASSIVE VOICE
I. There are 3 main components that are used to describe the various features of a verb…
1. Tense: describes the _______________ when a verb occurs
1. ______________________ = I praise, I am praising, I do praise
2. ______________________ = I will praise
3. ______________________ = I have praised, I praised, I did praise
4. ______________________ = I used to praise, I was praising
5. ______________________ = I had praised
6. ______________________ = I will have praised
2. Mood: describes the way a verb is conceived or thought of
1. ______________________ = verbs that are certain (did, do, will happen)
2. ______________________ = commands and orders
3. ______________________ = verbs that are uncertain (may/could/would/should/might
happen)
3. VOICE: describes whether the action is being done ________ the subject or ________ the subject
1. ______________________ = subject is doing the action of the verb
2. ______________________ = subject is receiving the action of the verb
II. Active vs. Passive
1. Present Tense
i. Active = he/she/it praises (laudat)
ii. Passive = __________________________
2. Perfect Tense
i. Active = he/she/it praised, has praised (laudāvit)
ii. Passive = __________________________
3. Imperfect Tense
i. Active = he/she/it was praising, used to praise (laudābat)
ii. Passive = __________________________
4. ONLY __________________________ verbs, or verbs that take direct objects, can be made
passive
i. Ex. I praise the student  The student is praised by me
5. Intransitive verbs do NOT take direct objects and CANNOT be made passive
i. Ex. I run  I am ran (BAD!!!!!)
Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
III. Passive Personal Endings (PPE)
Person and Number
1st sing.
Latin Ending
-(o)r
2nd sing.
-(e)ris*
3rd sing.
-tur
1st pl.
-mur
2nd pl.
-minī
3rd pl.
-ntur
*The ending for the 2nd sing. is –eris for the Present tense for the 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th conjugations and the
Future tense for ALL conjugations
IV. Formation
1. PRESENT SYSTEM
i. Present: Present stem + Passive Personal Endings (1st sg. drops vowel in Pres. stem)
1. laudor = I am praised
ii. Imperfect: Present stem + bā/ēbā + PPE
1. laudābar = I was being praised
iii. Future: Present Stem + bō/bi/bunt OR a/ē + PPE
1. laudābor = I will be praised
2. dūcar = I will be led
2. PERFECT SYSTEM
i. Perfect: 4th PP + Present tense of sum, esse
1. laudātus/a/um sum = I was praised
ii. Pluperfect: 4th PP + Imperfect tense of sum, esse
1. laudātus/a/um eram = I had been praised
iii. Future Perfect: 4th PP + Future tense of sum, esse
1. laudātus/a/um erō = I will have been praised
V. Ablative of Agent vs. Ablative of Means

Use Ablative of Agent with ___________________ and Ablative of Means with ___________________

Ablative of Agent = ā/ab + abl. = by _____________
o

Ex. ā virīs = by the men
Ablative of Means = noun in the ablative case (NO preposition)
o
Ex. flammā = by/with a flame
Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
VI. Active to Passive Changes in Latin
ACTIVE Sentence
PASSIVE Sentence
Subject (Nominative)

Direct Object (Accusative)

Active verb

EXERCEĀMUS!
1. consulēs urbem vident.
i. Translation: _______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Passive sentence in English: _____________________________________________________________________
iii. Passive sentences in Latin:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. vir ā consulibus in senātū audiēbātur.
i. Translation: _______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Passive sentence in English: _____________________________________________________________________
iii. Passive sentences in Latin:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. vir ā senātoribus electus est.
i. Translation: _______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Passive sentence in English: _____________________________________________________________________
iii. Passive sentences in Latin:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. senātorēs consulem elēgērunt.
i. Translation: _______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Passive sentence in English: _____________________________________________________________________
iii. Passive sentences in Latin:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. virī et fēminae in forō celeriter cucurrerant.
i. Translation: _______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Can this sentence be made passive in English? Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
senātor, senātoris m.: senator
eligō, eligere, elēgī, electus to choose, elect
celeriter quickly
consul, consulis m. consul
Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
HW: The Passive Voice
I. Answer the following questions about the sentences below and then each sentence into English:
1. Caesarem admonet.
a. Case of Caesarem: ______accusative__________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of admonet: pres., 3rd, sing., active
c. Translation: He/she/it warns Caesar.
2. Caesar admonētur.
a. Case of Caesar: _______________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of admonētur:
c. Translation:
3. urbs dēlēbātur.
a. Case of urbs: _______________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of dēlēbātur:
c. Translation:
4. urbem dēlēbant.
a. Case of urbem: _______________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of dēlēbant:
c. Translation:
5. patriam cōnservābit.
a. Case of patriam: _______________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of cōnservābit:
c. Translation:
6. patria cōnservābitur.
a. Case of patria: _______________________
b. Tense, person, number, and voice of cōnservābitur:
c. Translation:
Nomen: _____________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Dies: ___________________________________
Class Notes
II. Translate the following sentences into English and answer the following questions
1. dī Caesarem admonuērunt.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Case and function of dī: _______________________
Case and function of Caesarem: _______________________
Tense, person, number, and voice of admonuērunt:
Translation:
2. Caesar ā dīs admonitus est.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Case and function of Caesar: _______________________
Case and function of ā dīs: _______________________
Tense, person, number, and voice of admonitus est:
Translation:
3. Caesar prōdigiīs admonitus erat.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Case and function of Caesar: _______________________
Case and function of prōdigiīs: _______________________
Tense, person, number, and voice of admonitus erat:
Translation:
4. urbs ab malīs virīs dēlēbitur, sī potestatem habuerint.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Case and function of urbs: _______________________
Case and function of ab malīs virīs: _______________________
Tense, person, number, and voice of dēlēbitur:
Translation:
5. urbs flammīs dēlēbātur.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Case and function of urbs: _______________________
Case and function of flammīs: _______________________
Tense, person, number, and voice of dēlēbātur:
Translation:
VOCABULARY
admoneō, admonēre, admonuī, admonitus: to warn, caution
cōnservō, conservāre, conservāvī, conservātus: to preserve, save (from danger)
deus, -ī m. (nom. pl. = dī): god
prōdigiium, -ī n.: omen
flamma, -ae f.: flame
potestas, potestātis f. power
Nomen: _____________________________________
Dies: ___________________________________
Latin II, R_____
Class Notes
Quiz 2: Verb Review
Directions: Complete the two synopses below by producing the correct form of the given verb in the
given person and number, for each tense and voice. Translate each form.
1) faciō, facere, fēcī, factus to do; make
TENSE
in the 2nd person plural
LATIN Form
ENGLISH Translation
PRESENT
IMPERFECT
FUTURE
PERFECT
PLUPERFECT
FUTURE PERFECT
SCORE: _________/18