Ch 1 – Introduction
Ch 2 – Internet & WWW
Ch 3 – Application Software
Ch 4
Processor
Instructions
Data
Information
Input
Devices
Ch 5
Data
Memory
Information
Instructions
Data
Information
Output
Devices
Ch 6
Storage
Devices
Ch 7
2

Hardware
Electronic and mechanical equipment
Software
Instructions that tell hardware what tasks to do, control and assist the execution of tasks
3

Programs that control and assist the operations of the computer –
System
Software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users –
Application
Software

Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating
System (OS)
Utility
Programs
5

To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
To facilitate communications
To serve as productivity business tool
To support personal business, education

Operating system ( OS )
(sometimes called the platform ) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources

8

Operating System coordinates all the activities
Start and shut down a computer
Provide a user interface
Schedule jobs
Manage memory
Manage programs
Work with devices
Work with networks
Automatic updates
Monitor performance
Organize and manage files
Control the computer
Administer security
9

What are the functions of an operating system ?
Internet connections start (boot) the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security manage memory control a network provide file management configure devices establish an Internet connection schedule jobs

Starting a computer
Bringing in the kernel of OS
Learning about resources
Checking the resources
Displaying the desktop

Three shut down options
Shut down closes all, forgets everything, powers off
Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer
Sleep mode saves any open documents, turns off all unneeded functions
12

What is a user interface ?
 Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen
 Provides tools and means to tell the computer what to do and for the computer to tell you what is going on.

What is the command-line user interface ?

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
 User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects

16

How does an operating system schedule jobs?
A job is an operation having an input, an output, and a meaningful function
Jobs have to be scheduled for execution To be scheduled they have to be assigned by
OS all required by them resources

How does OS manages programs?
Expects programs to cooperate –
Cooperative OS
Gives each program a slice of time –
Preemptive by quantum
Gives programs time according to their priorities –
Preemptive by priorities

What is memory management ?


Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM) , portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM

20

What is spooling ?
 Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer

How do you establish an Internet connection?

Operating system includes Connect to a network wizard , that guides the user through setting up connection between computer and Internet service provider

A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices
23

What are the functions of an operating system ?
start the computer: booting, BIOS, kernel, resources detection & test provide a user interface: command-line, GUI schedule jobs: waiting, ready, running manage programs: cooperative, preemptive, quantum, priorities manage memory configure devices: device drivers organize file system connect to the Internet control a network administer security

The machine
Embedded
Group of computers, the computer and the user
Network
Stand-alone
The computer and the user

Stand-alone operating systems
27

Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions:
Windows 7
Starter
Windows 7
Home
Premium
Windows 7
Ultimate
Windows 7
Professional
28

Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows
Firewall
Windows
DVD Maker
Windows
Media Player
Desktop
Gadget
Gallery
29

30

Windows versions
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x
Windows 95
1990
1995
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
2001
2006
2009

The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X
32

What is Mac OS X ?



Available only for computers manufactured by Apple
Integration of SW and HW
Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs

What is UNIX ?
 Used by power users because of its flexibility and power

What is Linux ?


Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system
Open-source software e
Code is available to public

Network Operating Systems
Allows users to share resources on a network
36

Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network
A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
A network administrator uses the server operating system to:

Add and remove users, computers, and other devices

Install software and administer network security
37

An embedded operating system are for mobile devices or consumer electronic
Embedded
CE
Windows
Mobile
Palm OS iPhone OS Blackberry
Embedded
Linux
Symbian OS Android
38

39

System software that performs maintenance-type tasks

System software provides users with the capability of:
Managing files
Searching for files
Viewing images
Securing a computer
Defragment ing disks
Uninstalling programs
Cleaning up disks
Diagnosing problems
Setting up screen savers
Backing up files and disks
41

What is a file manager ? Windows Explorer
 Performs functions related to file management

A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management

Displaying a list of files

Organizing files in folders

Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders

Creating shortcuts
43

A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions
44

What is an uninstaller ?
Removes a program and all associated files
For Windows Vista it is in the Control Panel

What is a disk scanner ?
 Searches for and removes unnecessary files

A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files

Downloaded program files

Temporary Internet files

Deleted files

Unused program files
47

What is a disk defragmenter ?
 Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster

What is a diagnostic utility ?


Compiles technical information about hardware and software
Prepares report outlining problems

Performance monitor assesses and reports about system resources and devices

A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium
A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form
51

A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time
52

A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network
A Trojan horse hides within or looks like a legitimate program
An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses
53

54



Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently

Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user
• A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs
Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window
• An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware
56

Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed
57



 Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance
Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files
Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip

A search utility attempts to locate a file based on criteria you specify
59

 Allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer

Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc
61

A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance
62

Popular Utility Programs
Antivirus
Program
Personal
Firewall
Spyware
Remover
Internet
Filters
File
Manager
File
Compression
Backup
Media
Player
CD/DVD
Burning
PC
Maintenance

Popular Utility Programs
Uninstaller
Screen saver
Disk scanner
Disk defragmenter
Diagnostic
Utility
Performance monitor