Study Guide Answers
UNIT 8 REVIEW: ACIDS & BASES
1. Write the formula for the hydronium ion:
H3O+
2. Write the formula for the hydroxide ion:
OH-
3. Write the equation that shows hydrochloric acid
dissolving in water.
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl4. _Hydronium___ ions are produced when an acid
dissolves in water, while __Hydroxide_ ions are
produced when a base dissolves in water.
5. Identify the following household products as acids
or bases.
a. apple juice
ACID
b. hand soap
BASE
c. drain cleaner BASE
d. water NEUTRAL
e. vinegar ACID
f. ammonia
BASE
g. lemon-lime soda ACID
h. baking soda BASE
i. lactose
ACID
6. The chemical formula of acids always contains
___HYDROGEN__ atoms and the chemical formula of
bases always contains __HYDROXIDE__ ions.
7. Litmus paper turns ___RED_____ when placed
in acid and ____BLUE____ when placed in a base.
8. What does the pH of a solution measure?
CONCENTRATION OF HYDRONIUM IONS
[H30+]
9. The pH scale goes from __0_ to _14___. The
pH range for acids is _0_ to _6.9_. The pH range
for bases is _7.1 to _14_. The pH for a neutral
solution is _7.0_.
10. If a solution has a high concentration of
hydronium ions:
 What can you say about the concentration of the
hydroxide ions?
LOW
 Is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
ACIDIC
 What value will the pH be closer to, 0 or 14?
CLOSER TO ZERO
11. If a solution has an equal concentration of
hydronium ions and hydroxide ions
 Is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
NEUTRAL
 What value will the pH have?
pH = 7.0
12. If a solution has a low concentration of
hydronium ions:
 What can you say about the concentration of the
hydroxide ions?
HIGH
 Is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
BASIC
 What value will the pH be closer to, 0 or 14?
CLOSER TO 14
13. When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution
of a base, what will determine the pH of the final
solution?
CONCENTRATION OF EACH; STRONG vs. WEAK
14. Strong acids and strong bases dissociate
___COMPLETELY__. Weak acids and weak bases
only dissociate _PARTIALLY___.
15. Provide an example of:
 strong base ANY GROUP1 OR 2METAL WITH
OH
 strong acid
ANY HALOGEN WITH HYDROGEN
 weak acid
ACETIC, CARBONIC
 weak base.
AMMONIA, ALUMINUM
HYDROXIDE
16. What happens to the pH in your stomach when
you take an antacid? INCREASES
17. If you add a base to an acid, will it increase or
decrease the pH?
INCREASE pH (CLOSER TO NEUTRAL)
18. Given the following chemical formula provide the
correct acid name.
 H2SO4
SULFURIC ACID
 HBr
HYDROBROMIC ACID
 HCl
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
 H3PO4
PHOSPHORIC ACID
19. Provide the name or formula for the following
bases.
 NaOH
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
 Potassium hydroxide
KOH
 NH4OH
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
 Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
20. What is the main cause of acid rain?
AIR POLLUTION – SPECIFICALLY:

SO2 FROM BURNING COAL FOR ELECTRICITY

NO2 FROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
(CARS AND TRUCKS)
21. Name four items that can be affected by acid
rain.
SCULPTURES; STONE BUILDINGS;
LAKES &
STREAMS; TREES AND PLANTS; FISH & INSECTS
22. List the pollutant gasses that are converted into
acids and which type of pollution they come from.
CO2 – NATURALLY PRESENT & FROM ALL HUMANCAUSED COMBUSTION
SO2 – FROM COAL-FIRED ELECTRICAL PLANTS
NO2 – FROM TRANSPORTATION (INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES)
23. What is a buffer solution? What types of materials
need to be combined to create a buffer?
BUFFER: A SOLUTION THAT IS RESISTANT TO
LARGE CHANGES IN PH
MADE FROM: A WEAK ACID AND ITS SALT OR A
WEAK BASE AND ITS SALT
24. What are the two products of an acid base
reaction?
WATER AND SALT
25. One product of a neutralization reaction is water;
which two ions combine to form this product?
HYDRONIUM IONS (H3O+) AND HYDROXIDE
IONS (OH-)
26. Salts are formed from cations and anions. In a
neutralization reaction, the anion is provided by
the __ACID_____ and the cation is provided by the
___BASE___
27. Predict the products of the following reactions.
 KOH + HNO3 →
H2O + KNO3
 Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 → H2O + Al2(SO4)3
 HCl + NaOH →
H2O +NaCl
 H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 → H2O + Mg(SO4)
28. What happens to the conductivity of water
when acids are dissolved in it? INCREASES
29.What is an electrolyte? DISSOCIATES INTO
IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
30. What kinds of acids and bases should be
combined to yield a neutral solution? STRONG
31.If you put lemon juice on an apple to stop it
from turning brown, will it neutralize the pH of the
fruit?
NO, BOTH ARE ACIDIC