https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY
Unit 4: Genetic Information, Variation and
Relationships between Organisms
Lesson 3 mRNA and Transcription
THE CONCEPT OF THE GENOME AS THE COMPLETE SET OF GENES IN A CELL AND OF
THE PROTEOME AS THE FULL RANGE OF PROTEINS THAT A CELL IS ABLE TO
PRODUCE.
THE STRUCTURE OF MOLECULES OF MESSENGER RNA (MRNA )
TRANSCRIPTION AS THE PRODUCTION OF MRNA FROM DNA. THE ROLE OF RNA
POLYMERASE IN JOINING MRNA NUCLEOTIDES.
•• IN PROKARYOTES, TRANSCRIPTION RESULTS DIRECTLY IN THE PRODUCT ION OF
MRNA FROM DNA.
•• IN EUKARYOTES, TRANSCRIPTION RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRE-MRNA;
THIS IS THEN SPLICED TO FORM MRNA .
Central Dogma of Genetics
Genome:
complete set of
genes in a cell
Proteome:
complete set of
proteins produced
in a cell
Learning Outcomes:
1) Describe the
structure of
mRNA and why
predict an mRNA
sequence based
on the DNA
template
2) Describe the
process of
transcription and
the role of RNA
polymerase
3) Explain how
transcription
occurs in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes,
including the role
of pre-mRNA and
splicing.
mRNA structure: Task 1
Using the cut out nucleotide bases and parts, make a
molecule of RNA 9 bases long.
5 minutes.
R
P
DR
Learning Outcomes:
1) Describe the
structure of
mRNA and why
predict an mRNA
sequence based
on the DNA
template
2) Describe the
process of
transcription and
the role of RNA
polymerase
3) Explain how
transcription
occurs in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes,
including the role
of pre-mRNA and
splicing.
This is what you should
have:
1. How is this different to DNA?
-
Task 2: Now make the DNA strand that is
complementary to your RNA strand in
another pile. (Antisense strand)
Task 3: Now complete the whole DNA
molecule (Sense strand)
Learning Outcomes:
1) Describe the
structure of
mRNA and why
predict an mRNA
sequence based
on the DNA
template
2) Describe the
process of
transcription and
the role of RNA
polymerase
3) Explain how
transcription
occurs in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes,
including the role
of pre-mRNA and
splicing.
Transcription
The process of turning a DNA template into a protein
starts with transcription.
Transcription: production of a strand of messenger RNA
that is complementary to coding DNA using DNA helicase
and RNA polymerase.
Learning Outcomes:
1) Describe the
structure of
mRNA and why
predict an mRNA
sequence based
on the DNA
template
2) Describe the
process of
transcription and
the role of RNA
polymerase
3) Explain how
transcription
occurs in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes,
including the role
of pre-mRNA and
splicing.
Transcription: How it works in
prokaryotes
1) DNA Helicase unwinds a portion of the
DNA double helix (The DNA antisense
strand is the template for making mRNA)
2) Transcription factors bind to the first
codon in the sequence starting
transcription
3) ATPs, GTPs, UTPs, CTPs are needed to
make the new mRNA strand.
4) These nucleotides match up to where
they are complimentary to the DNA
strand.
5) The nucleotides are joined up in order
by RNA polymerase.
6) a stop codon is reached and RNA
polymerase stops joining up the
nucleotides, this completes the RNA
strand.
Transcription: How it works in Eukaryotes
Learning Outcomes:
1) Describe the
structure of
mRNA and why
predict an mRNA
sequence based
on the DNA
template
2) Describe the
process of
transcription and
the role of RNA
polymerase
3) Explain how
transcription
occurs in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes,
including the role
of pre-mRNA and
splicing.
Ribose