Bellringer 9/12
Write a conversation between 2
people who are meeting for the first
time. They should greet, exchange
names, ask how the other is doing,
and say goodbye. (must be at least 8
lines long)
Parts of Speech in Spanish
articles-artículos
nouns-sustantivos
pronouns-pronombres
verbs-verbos
adjectives-adjetivos
adverbs-adverbios
prepositions-preposiciones
Subjects, Verbs, Nouns, and
Pronouns
-Subject-a person or thing being described or
doing something; a subject performs an
action
Example:
Miss Fairchild is my teacher. (Miss Fairchild is
being described)
Juan writes a story. (Juan is doing the writing)
-Verb-action word
(run, sing, play, jump, write, talk; don’t
forget that words like “am,” “is,” and “are”
are verbs also)
-Noun-person, place, thing, or idea
person-Anna
place-Argentina
thing-cat
idea-love
-Pronoun-can replace nouns; some
examples of Spanish pronouns are él,
ella, tú and usted (he, she you)
Example: Gabriella is my friend-->She
is my friend.
Tell me the subject and verbs in the following
sentences:
1. The students learn Spanish.
2. The boys play football.
3. The team wins their game.
4. I go with my parents to the store.
5. My grandparents arrive by train.
6. We serve dinner to our guests.
7. The chorus sings well.
8. My friends and I talk to each other on the
phone.
9. He eats the pie.
10. She is helping her sister.
Subject Pronouns
-Subject pronouns are VERY important,
so pay attention! You will need to
know these for EVERYTHING else
that you learn in Spanish in the future.
-This is the VERB CHART.
_________ _________
_________ _________
_________ _________
Let’s first see the VERB CHART
with the English pronouns:
st
(1
person)
( 2nd person)
(Singular)
I
(Plural)
We
You (informal)
You all (Spain)
( 2nd person) You (formal)
( 3rd person) He, She, it
You all
They
Let’s first see the VERB CHART
with the English pronouns:
(1st person)
(Singular)
I
(Plural)
We
( 2nd person)
You (informal)
You all(Spain)
( 2nd person) You (formal)
( 3rd person) He, She, it
You all
They
***Notice how You (formal) and You (informal) are on different lines of
the verb chart. This means that the verb forms for each of these will
be different.
Spanish Subject Pronouns
(Singular)
st
(1
person)
(Plural)
yo
nosotros(as)
(2nd person)
tú (informal)
vosotros(as) (Spain)
(2nd person)
usted (formal)
ustedes
( 3rd person)
él / ella
ellos / ellas
Figure out the subject pronoun in each of
the sentences:
1. She is from Madrid.
2. I am a student.
3. We are classmates.
4. They are best friends.
5. Where are you from?
6. Ella es una profesora.
7. Vosotros sois (are) amigos.
8. Yo soy de Puerto Rico.
9. Él es mi amigo.
10. ¿De dónde eres tú?
Tú vs. usted
-In Spanish, there are 2 ways you can address someone face to
face:
1. Informal (tú)-used when talking to a friend or someone
you know well
2. Formal (usted)-used when talking to someone older than
you or someone you don’t know very well
-Both tú and usted mean “you”
-usted-----Ud. (you can abbreviate usted to Ud., but make sure
it’s capitalized)
-Example: ¿Cómo te llamas (tú)? (informal)
¿Cómo se llama usted? (formal)-->(usted must be left
in to show respect)
Vosotros and ustedes
-Vosotros is ONLY used in Spain. Since you will more
likely use Spanish spoken in Latin America, we will
focus more on these forms, but we will still learn the
vosotros forms of verbs.
-Both vosotros and ustedes mean “you all.” They are
used when talking to more than one person face
to face.
-ustedes-----Uds.(you can abbreviate ustedes to Uds., but
make sure it’s capitalized)
Feminine Forms
-The subject pronouns nosotros, vosotros, and ellos have
feminine forms.
-All boys group - When saying “we” for an all boys group, use
nosotros. When saying “you all” for an all boys group, use
vosotros (or ustedes). When saying “they” for an all boys group,
use ellos.
•
-All girls ustedes).
group - When
sayingsaying
“we” for an all girls group, use
When
nosotras. When saying “you all” for an all girls group, use
vosotras (or ustedes). When saying “they” for an all girls group,
use ellas.
-Mixed group of boys and girls - When saying “we” for a mixed
group, use nosotros. When saying “you all” for a mixed group,
use vosotros (or ustedes). When saying “they” for a mixed
group, use ellos.
os ending:
-when we, you all, or they for
an all male group
-when we, you all, or they are
a mixed group of males and
females
as ending:
-when we, you all, or they for
an all female group
Masculine vs. Feminine
-Almost everything in Spanish is going to either be
masculine or feminine.
-What does masculine mean?
-What does feminine mean?
You may hear me ask: What pronoun
would you use when talking to someone...or
what pronoun would you use when talking
about someone?
Talking to someone is 2nd person. Talking
about someone is 3rd person.
Now, before we look at our first Spanish verbs, let me tell
you a couple things:
-In Spanish, verb forms and tenses are made by
changing the endings of the verbs, a process known
as conjugation.
-There are 2 main definitions that you need to know for
this process:
1. Infinitive verb: a word that ends in AR, ER, or IR; in
English, the term means “to + verb”; the infinitive itself
doesn’t show tense or who is performing the action of the
verb
2. Conjugate: conjugating is when you change a verb
In Spanish, there are two verbs that mean to be.
One of these is ser and one is estar. Each verb is
used for different purposes. Let’s look at the
conjugations first. (Remember, conjugating means
changing the verb form to say who performing the
action). Also, in Spanish, we have regular verbs
and irregular verbs. Regular verbs follow the same
endings, however, irregular verbs don’t and you will
just need to remember the forms. Both ser and
estar are irregular.
Ser-to be
(yo) soy-I am
(nosotros/as) somos-we are
(tú) eres-you are
(vosotros/as) sois-you all are
(Ud.) es-you are
(Uds.) son-you all are
(él/ella) es-he/she/it is (ellos/ellas) son-they are
Estar-to be
(yo) estoy-I am
(nosotros/as) estamos-we are
(tú) estás-you are
(vosotros/as) estáis-you all are
(Ud.) está-you are
(Uds.) están-you all are
(él/ella) está-he/she/it is
(ellos/ellas) están-they are
Note the accent marks on the bottom 4 lines!!!
Differences between Ser and Estar
Ser:
1.Description (physical and personality, nationality,
religion, profession)
á
2.Origin, ownership or material
3.Day, date, time, season
Estar:
4.Temporary feeling/condition
5.Location
How you feel and where you are
This is when you use estar
What you’re like and where
you’re from
Is when you use the other one.