By: Hailey Lackey, Tyler Mullins, and Taylor Biggerstaff
What is Ancient Egypt?
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Ancient Egypt was an ancient
civilization of eastern Africa,
concentrated along the lower reaches
of the Nile river in what is now the
modern country.
The Nile River

 The Nile is the longest river in the world, stretching
north for approximately 4,000 miles from East Africa
to the Mediterranean. Studies have shown that the
river gradually changed its location and size over
millions of years. The Nile flows from the mountains
in the south to the Mediterranean in the north.
Why was the Nile so
important?

 The Nile river is important to the Ancient Egyptians
because:
 It kept them alive & developed their knowledge
 It gave them a source of food and something to drink
 It fertilized their crops when it flooded
 It gave them water to bathe in
 It gave them a way of transportation
 It gave them protection from the other side of the
river
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 The blue Nile god Hapi is holding the central palm
leaf. This represents the annual flooding of the Nile
which determines the harvest. In the picture the
fertility god holds his hands over the two expanses
of the Nile and the Mediterranean.
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The Old Kingdom
(2700 BCE – 2200 BCE)

The Middle Kingdom
(2100 BCE – 1800 BCE)

 The Middle Kingdom was Egypt's golden age. They
accomplished arts and literature. They also had a
very strong defending army.
 Pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise
rulers.
 In this time, Pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs.
These tombs were very hard to find. There are still
tombs, yet to be found by modern archaeologist to
this day.
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Pyramids

The Step Pyramid of
Djoser

 Built By: Pharaoh Djoser
 Date: Circa 2630 B.C.
 Location: Saqqara
 Height: 204 feet
 It was the largest building of its time.
 Made to hold his mummified body.
*All that’s left of Pharaoh Djoser is his
mummified left foot.*
Maidum Pyramid

 Built By: Pharaoh Snefru
 Date: Circa 2600 B.C.
 Location: Maidum
 Height: 306 feet
 Influenced by The Step Pyramid of Djoser
 Pharaoh Snefru had 8 step levels built to raise the
chamber closer to the sun god.
 There is only 3 step levels visible today.
The Bent Pyramid

 Built By: Pharaoh Snefru
 Date: Circa 2600 B.C.
 Height: 344 feet
 First attempt at a smooth sided pyramid
 Was designed to have very steep sides, but the lack
of stability caused otherwise.
Red Pyramid

 Built by: Pharaoh Snefru
 Date: Circa 2600 B.C.
 Location: Dahshur
 Height: 341 feet
 Third attempt at the smooth sided pyramid.
 It worked out perfectly, and it was an elegant
precursor to the great pyramids at Giza.
Great Pyramid

 Built by: Pharaoh Khufu
 Date: Circa 2550 B.C.
 Location: Giza
 Height: 481 feet
 It is the Earth’s largest pyramid
 This pyramid was built by captured slaves.
 Each stone block laid for this pyramid weighed more
than 5 tons each.
Pyramid of Khafre

 Built by: Pharaoh Khafre
 Date: Circa 2520 B.C.
 Location: Giza
 Height: 471 feet
 Located at the home of the Sphinx.
 In the burial chamber of this pyramid, explorers
discovered a small pit in the floor. It was built and
designed to hold a canopica chest. In the chest
included jars holding the liver, lungs, stomach, and
intestines of the deceased pharaoh.
Pyramid of Menkaure

 Built by: Pharaoh Menkaure
 Date: Circa 2490 B.C.
 Location: Giza
 Height: 213 feet
 Last of the great pyramids
 It is the smallest out of the three great pyramids
because the cost of the building was to high to finish
the project.
Pyramid of Pepi 2

 Built by: Pharaoh Pepi 2
 Date: Circa 2250 B.C.
 Location: Saqqara
 Height: 172 feet
 This pyramid was the end of the era.
 This pyramid was finished in the 30th year of his
reign, which was 60 years before he died.
The Black Pyramid

 Built by: King Amenemhat III
 Date:2055-1650 B.C.
 It is one of the five remaining pyramids of the
original eleven pyramids at Dahshur in Egypt.
 Originally named Amenemhet is Mighty, the
pyramid earned the name the Black pyramid for its
dark, decaying appearance as a rubble mound.
The Sphinx

 The Sphinx had the body of a lion and the head of a
human.
 The Sphinx is carved out of a single ridge of stone
240 foot long and 66 foot high.
 Geologist confirmed that the extreme erosion on the
body of the Sphinx was the result of water.

 There is a foregoing discussion that the sculpture of
the Sphinx may have existed at a time when there
were no civilizations on earth and the humans had
not yet evolved to the hunter-gatherer life styles.
 The discussion then states that if the Sphinx is
indeed that old, the development of civilization must
be entirely reworked.
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Major Temples
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Thoth and Maat

Composite statues like this often showed Thoth with a
worshipper facing him and were donated to temples to
demonstrate devotion to the god.
Jackal

Anubis, the god of mummification, is often depicted as
a black jackal—common in ancient Egypt—guiding the
dead through the underworld.
Glass vessels

These small, brilliantly colored glass vessels probably
held ointments or perfumes.
Toe stalls of Psusennes I

In the New Kingdom, the fingers and toes of royal
mummies were sheathed with gold coverings, or stalls,
to protect the small, brittle bones.
Falcon-headed crocodile

This statue combines attributes of two great hunters—
the keen-eyed falcon and the mighty Nile crocodile.
Mirror of Queen
Ahhotep

In 1859, Egyptian laborers discovered this mirror,
pieces of jewelry, and fans belonging to Queen
Ahhotep.
This hasbeen the
presentation by Hailey,
Tyler, and Taylor.
Thanks for watching!!!