Overview
• Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted from about
3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500
years.
• During that time, there were at least 20
different dynasties with many different rulers.
• Historians divide the long history into 3
different periods.
Periods of Ancient Egyptian History
Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.)
Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)
Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.)
New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)
Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
3
Map Activity
• Place this on page 57 of
ISN. Label the following:
– Lower Egypt
– Upper Egypt
– Western Sahara Desert
– Eastern Sahara Desert
– Nile Delta
Ancient Egypt
• Place on page 58
of ISN.
• Follow the
PowerPoint to add
information under
the tabs
Geography of Egypt
• Physical Features:
– Settled along the fertile Nile River
– Every year, the river flooded bringing up a mineral
called silt that made the land fertile.
– Around it was the Sahara Desert
– This offered protection from invaders
– To the north, the Nile River emptied into the
Mediterranean Sea.
Geography of Egypt
• Water Features:
– Nile River was lifeblood of ancient Egyptian life.
– Irrigation for crops, silt for fertile land, water for
cooking, bathing, transportation and trade .
– It flows North to Mediterranean Sea
How did geography affect the lives of
Egyptians?
• Glue on page 58 of
ISN under the
physical/water
features.
Follow the
PowerPoint to add
information under
the tabs
Floods & Farming
Floods:
• Egyptians discovered
that the Nile River
had predictable
floods.
• As the river flooded
it covered the banks
of the river with silt.
• This made the land
very fertile for crops.
Farming:
• They used their
knowledge of floods to
plan their planting and
harvesting seasons.
• They planted wheat and
barley.
• Irrigated crops using
canals and used plows and
rakes that they borrowed
from Mesopotamians.
Ancient Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Pharaoh
• Political
• Religious
• Military leader
• Seen as a god
Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Priests & Nobles
• Wealthy elite
• Lived in estates near Nile
• Wore clothes made out
of white linen
• Wore dark eye make-up
Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Merchants, Artisans
and Scribes
• Owned businesses
• Skilled workers
• Middle class
• Sold items in market
• Educated scribes
Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Farmers
• Tend crops
• Herd animals
• Vital for Egyptians to
survive
Egypt’s Social Hierarchy
Slaves &unskilled
workers
• Built homes
• Built pyramids
• Unloaded ships
• Drove carts
Overview
• Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted from about
3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500
years.
• During that time, there were at least 20
different dynasties with many different rulers.
• Historians divide the long history into 3
different periods.
Old Kingdom
Lower Egypt crown
Upper Egypt crown
Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once
separate kingdoms and the kings or pharaohs
wore two different crowns.
4
King Menes / Pharoah Narma
• United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE
kingdom
• Established the first capital of Egypt in
Memphis.
5
Sobek - the Crocodile God
Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named Memphis or
sometimes called Crocodilopolis
6
Pharaoh Djoser
• Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a
great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba,
or tomb, but became the Step Pyramid.
8
Pharaoh Djoser
9
Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer
10
Mastabas
11
Step Pyramid of Djoser
12
Step Pyramid of Djoser
13
Pharaoh Sneferu
Developed the building of
Egyptian pyramids through
practice.
• Built the pyramid at
Meidum
• Built the Bent Pyramid
• Built the Red Pyramid
where he was buried.
14
Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum
15
Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid
16
Sneferu’s Red Pyramid
17
Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops
• Son of Pharaoh Sneferu
• Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of
Giza.
• Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt
18
Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid
19
Look at the size of the pyramid blocks...
20
Khafre’s Pyramid
24
Khafre’s Pyramid
25
Khafre’s Sphinx
26
Khafre’s Sphinx
27
Khafre’s Sphinx
28
Pharaoh Menkaure
• Son of Khafre
• Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza
29
Menkaure’s Pyramid
30
Menkaure’s Pyramid
31
END OF OLD KINGDOM
Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut
• Wife of Thutmose II
• When Thutmose II died, his son Thutmose III was too
young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne.
• Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to a
Pharaoh.
33
Queen Hatshepsut’s Mummy
Queen Hatshepsut’s mummy was found buried in her temple
in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
34
Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple
Queen Hatshepsut had this temple built as a tomb for both her
and her husband Thutmose II. It is located in an area called
the Valley of the Kings where many other pharaohs are also
buried.
35
Queen Nefertiti
• Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten
• Considered the “ideal” beauty in Egyptian society.
• May have been even more famous than her husband, the
pharaoh.
37
Queen Nefertiti
38
Tutankhamen / King Tut
• Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at
such a young age (maybe 18 or 19 years old).
• His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists
in 1922.
• Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb.
• “The Curse of King Tut”
40
King Tut Burial Mask
Found in King Tut’s Tomb
with his mummy
41
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
A collection of the items found in King Tut’s tomb can
be seen in a museum in Cairo, Egypt.
43
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
44
King Tut’s Mummy
44
END OF MIDDLE KINGDOM
Pharaoh Ramses II
• A strong military leader.
• Participated in the first written treaty with the
Hittites.
• Had many wives and more than 100 children.
• Ruled over Egypt for 67 years… Pharaoh for
longest period.
49
Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb
50
Pharaoh Ramses II Statues
51
Pharaoh Ramses II mummy
53
Cleopatra
• Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before
Egypt was taken over by foreign invaders.
55
Writing in Egypt
Hieroglyphics
Group Read Activity
The Most Important Word
Strategy
Directions
• Count off 1-7
• Buddy read with another person who is the
same # as you the paragraph that was
assigned to you. You can each read a sentence
and switch, or take turns reading paragraphs.
Paragraph assignments: look for your
number and read those paragraphs ONLY
•
•
•
•
Group 1: All Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Group 2: Papyrus or Paper
Group 3: “Scribes were the few Egyptians…”
Group 4: “ A scribe’s profession” to “ Schools
were attached”.
• Group 5: “While Hieroglyphic writing” to “But
now”
• Group 6: “People realized” to “Finally, in 1822”
• Group 7: “Translating English” to the end of the
article
On your sticky note…
• Cover your sticky note from your partner
• Write ONE word on your sticky note taken
from what you read…the word that is the
MOST IMPORTANT to you!
• Cover up your word so no one can see!
Regrouping
• On the count of 3, revel your word to your
“buddy-read” partner and
why you picked this word.
orally share
• Now, I’m going to have you pair up will all the
students in the class that share your number.
Go ahead and all sit in one table.
Show your work
• Display your sticky note “important” words on
the table.
• Use ALL the important words to write the MOST
IMPORTANT SENTENCE to
reflect a summary of your reading. (stick the post-its in
the middle of the sentence, where they belong)
Mrs. Rida’s class is full of
funa
activities and
interactive
times.
Display your work for your
classmates
• Then, choose a spokesperson
• Bring your sentence strip to the area in the
classroom where the headings are
located.
• Tape your sentence strip under the correct
heading your read.
• Read aloud to the class
Article Summary
• As a class, we have now
summarized the whole article.
• We will compile all the sentences together
order
in
, and we have ourselves the
summary of the article.
Now lets go to our ISN
• Article goes on page 65 in your notebook
• Under the article
• Write down the summary from the
strips
Core 1
• Egyptian writing was simplified to Hieratic Script and it
had pictures to represent ideas.
• Scrolls and papyrus were made out of reed stems and
used for Egyptian writing.
• Scribes have a very important job in the government and
work for the pharaoh.
• Egyptians wrote on papyrus which was very expensive,
and used a brush called a menhed.
• The Rosetta Stone was found in 1799 and it was used to
translate Greek to Egyptian writing.
• A cartouche is an oval slab that had a kings name on it and
placed in the tomb.
• Letters and symbols are written in columns from left to
right or vice versa.
Core 2
1. Picture writing was very intricate so Egyptians made an
easier system called Hieratic Script.
2. Egyptians made paper called papyrus from reed stems.
3. Scribes had jobs like collecting taxes and worked for
the pharaoh.
4. A menhed is a writing tool used on papyrus, which was
very expensive.
5. A soldier in 1799 discovered the Rosetta Stone and it
had 3 languages in it.
6. Champollion figured out how to read the cartouche
and was able to understand hieroglyphics.
7. Hieroglyphics is written in columns and many
directions from left to right and vice versa.
Formative Assessment
3 sentence summary
• On the index card I give you, write your:
– Name
– Core
– Date
Summarize what you read in
EXACTLY 3 sentences.