Document

Time to Take It Easy

Section One:

Pre-reading Activities

Section Two:

Global Reading

Section Three:

Detailed Reading

Section Four:

Consolidation Activities

Section Five:

Further Enhancement

Read aloud

Audiovisual supplements

I. Read aloud

Read the following passage aloud, making a pause between sense groups.

El Dorado

By Robert L. Stevenson

It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world/ where there are so many marriages and decisive battles,/ and where we all,/ at certain hours of the day,/ and with great gusto and dispatch,/ stow a portion of victuals/ finally and irretrievably into the bag/ which contains us./ And it would seem also,/ on a hasty view,/ that the attainment of as much as possible/ was the one goal of man’s contentious life./ And yet,/ as regards the spirit,/ this is but a semblance./ We live in an ascending scale/ where we live happily,/


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one thing leading to another in an endless series./ There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men,/ and although we dwell on a small planet,/ immersed in petty business/ and not enduring beyond a brief period of years,/ we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible,/ like stars,/ and the term of hoping is prolonged/ until the term of life./ To be truly happy /is a question of how we begin/ and not of how we end,/ of what we want/ and not of what we have./

An aspiration is a joy forever,/ a possession as solid as a landed estate,/ a fortune which we can never exhaust/ and which gives us year by year/ a revenue of pleasurable activity./ To have many of these/ is to be spiritually rich./ Life is not only a very dull and illdirected theatre/ unless we have some interests in the piece;/


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and to those who have neither art nor science,/ the world is a mere arrangement of colors,/ or a rough footway/ where they may very well break their shins./ It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities/ that any man continues to exist with even patience,/ that he is charmed by the look of things and people,/ and that he wakens every morning/ with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure./

Desire and curiosity are the two eyes/ through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colors:/ it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting;/ and the man may squander his estate and come to beggary,/ but if he keeps these two amulets/ he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure.


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II

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Audiovisual supplements

Film episode: American Beauty

Questions:

1. What is the relationship between the two men? And what are they talking about?

2. Why does Les become so angry?

Answers for reference:

1. They are employer and employee. Brad is trying to explain to

Les the cutbacks in personnel. And he wants Les to write a report in order to assess his job.

2. Because Brad is going to make some cutbacks in personnel. Les has served for this magazine for 14 years, nevertheless, he still has the chance to be fired.


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Brad:

Les:

Brad:

Les:

Brad:

Les:

So, yeah, I’m sure you can understand our need to cut corners around here.

Oh, sure. Times are tight. You got to free up some cash.

You got to spend money to make money. Right?

Exactly.

Like the time that Mr. Flournoy used the company

MasterCard to pay for that hooker, and she used the card numbers and stayed at the St. Regis for, what was it, three months?

That’s unsubstantiated gossip.

That’s $50,000. That’s somebody’s salary. That’s somebody who’s going to get fired because Craig has to pay women to fuck him!


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Brad:

Les:

Brad:

Les:

Brad:

Jesus. I mean, calm down. Nobody’s getting fired yet. That’s why we’re having everyone write out a job description mapping out in detail how they contribute. That way management can assess who’s valuable ...

And who’s expendable.

It’s just business.

I’ve been writing for this magazine for 14 years. Brad, you’ve been here how long? A whole month?

I’m one of the good guys, Les. I’m trying to level with you.

This is your one chance to save your job.


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■


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Text analysis

Structural analysis

Cultural background

I.

Text analysis

In this text, the author tells us different attitudes about leisure and work, and analyzes the cause underlying the American attitude towards work. By introducing the topic of how to view the problem of leisure and work, Professor Gini explains the true meaning of “being lazy” — to take it easy.


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Text analysis

Structural analysis

Cultural background

II. Structural analysis

Paragraphs 1 – 2

— a sharp contrast between busy Americans and easygoing continental Europeans

Paragraphs 3 – 4

Paragraph 5

—

— one of the main differences between busy

Britons and Americans and easygoing

Europeans the need to re-examine the American attitude to work


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Text introduction

Structural analysis

Cultural background

Paragraphs 6

–

8

—

Paragraphs 9 – 10

— the cause underlying the American attitude to work

Oliver James’s view about time

Paragraphs 11

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12

—

Paragraphs 13– 14

— further support to James’s view with the ideas of “the work rebels” and Brain

Dean conclusion (raise a paradoxical problem and define the true significance of

“being lazy”)


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III. Cultural background

Al Gini, a philosopher and radio commentator, notes that when responding to the question “How are you?” people usually respond with some form of “I am so busy!” This signals a distressing trend — we are so harried and hurried that we have no time for the things that truly matter and must be done slowly, such as sex, conversation, taking a leisurely stroll in nature, listening to what someone else is saying, relaxing at a concert, or just doing nothing. The world of multitasking and hyperactivity exhausts us and leaves us feeling listless.


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Text analysis

Structural analysis

Cultural background

Our lives are enriched by true leisure that feeds the soul. But contemporary Americans are missing the boat. They work 350 hours more per year than Europeans and 70 hours more than the Japanese.

One in four Americans does not take a vacation at all. Joe Robinson, former editor of a travel magazine, has stated, “We’re the most vacation-starved country in the industrial world.” And let’s not forget that many people stay connected with the office and the daily financial news even while they are on vacation! Instead of a long vacation, many have opted for weekends away at a second home. But with this arrangement so much time is spent on commuting and maintenance of the property that it can seem like work. Shopping has become for many Americans a psychological substitute for leisure.

For a while, it was even touted as a genuine form of patriotism!


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Time to Take It Easy

Workers of the world, relax:

Summer is coming, and

much of Europe is getting ready to shut down for business.

France spends the whole of August at the beach.

Swedish workers take some of the five weeks paid holiday that their employers have to give them. In Spain and Italy,

it’s siesta time.

People leave their offices and sleep through the heat of the afternoon, returning to work in the pleasant cool of the evening.

These relaxing scenes are not repeated everywhere. People in

Britain work the longest hours in Europe. And people in the United

States work the hardest of all Westerners — just over 49 hours a week for just over 50 weeks a year, on average. And researchers at the US

Government’s Department of Labour recently found that Americans were taking 16 hours less leisure time a week compared with twenty years ago.


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Many Americans are proud of their “work ethic”. They point out that the US is the richest and most powerful country in the world. You can’t make that happen by lying in bed.

Attitude to work is one of the major differences between busy

Britons and Americans and easygoing Europeans. And one of the big arguments within the European Union is over rules governing employment. Should continentals get busy like the British, or is it time for the British to relax a bit more?

Even Americans are finding time to think about the issue. “I realized that

my future is shorter than my past,” says Al Gini, a philosophy professor at Loyola University in Chicago. “I’ve got to take time now because, like it or not, time will be taken away from me.”


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That’s why Professor Gini recently published a book called

The

Importance of Being Lazy , a call for his fellow Americans to learn

the fine art of doing nothing.

The real problem, says Professor Gini, is not

so much work but the Western attitude to time.

“We have never been comfortable with the idea of free time. It is not in our nature to just let time pass. Unstructured time, dead time, downtime, wasted time — it makes us ill at ease.” If time is not filled with work, he says, Americans fill it with shopping and sports, or they just consume the products of the entertainment industry — a multimillion dollar business whose only purpose is to help us pass the time when we are not working.


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“We should give some time to contemplation, wonder and the development of ideas,” says Professor Gini. Yet the idea that time should be spent doing something runs very deep in Anglo-American culture. Work is not just good for your bank account. It’s good for your spiritual health, too.

That’s not a view taken by British psychologist Oliver James.

“Large polls of citizens from developed nations find that they say they are happier than those in developing ones. But when comparison is made between the different developed nations, the citizens of the richest are no more likely to say they are happier than those from the poorest,” he says.

“When a society reaches the stage of being able to meet all its citizens’ basic needs, increasing their overall wealth does not make them happier.”


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That’s a view supported by a growing “anti-work” movement in the US and Britain, a loosely connected group of campaigners dedicated to the idea that people should work to live, not live to work.

As well as publishing guides on how to do nothing creatively, these work rebels organize events like “national phone in sick day”,

encouraging staff to take unofficial days off.

“Imagine how you feel going into work on Monday morning,” says Brian Dean, who edits the anti-work magazine Anxiety Culture .

“If it makes you feel ill, then phone in sick.” The message seems to be getting through. In a recent survey, more than a third of British workers admitted to pretending to be sick to get time off work.

But the anti-work rebels face a problem. People who work hard often forget to relax. They will have to work hard at learning to be lazy. Maybe it’s easier just to carry on.


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“It is something you have to prepare for,” says Professor Gini.

“The importance of being lazy means to not always be busy with something connected with your job. It’s about stopping working, doing something you would rather be doing, or the gentle art of doing ‘nothing’.”

756 words


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Global Reading

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Time to Take It Easy

Workers of the world, relax:

Summer is coming, and much of Europe is getting ready to

shut down

for business. France spends the whole of August at the beach.

Swedish workers take some of the five weeks paid holiday that their employers have to give them. In Spain and Italy, it’s

siesta

time. People leave their offices and sleep through the heat of the afternoon, returning to work in the pleasant cool of the evening.

These

relaxing

scenes are not repeated everywhere. People in

Britain work the longest hours in Europe. And people in the United

States work the hardest of all Westerners — just over 49 hours a week for just over 50 weeks a year, on average. And researchers at the US

Government’s Department of Labour recently found that Americans were taking 16 hours less leisure time a week compared with twenty years ago.


Section One:


Section Two:

Global Reading

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Section Five:


Many Americans are proud of their “work ethic”. They point out that the US is the richest and most powerful country in the world. You can’t make that happen by lying in bed.

Attitude to work is one of the major differences between busy

Britons and Americans and

easygoing

Europeans. And one of the big arguments within the European Union is over rules

governing

employment. Should

continentals

get busy like the British, or is it time for the British to relax a bit more?

Even Americans are finding time to think about the issue. “I realized that my future is shorter than my past,” says Al Gini, a philosophy professor at Loyola University in Chicago. “I’ve got to take time now because, like it or not, time will be taken away from me.”


Section One:


Section Two:

Global Reading

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Section Five:


That’s why Professor Gini recently published a book called

The

Importance of Being Lazy , a call for his fellow Americans to learn the fine art of doing nothing. The real problem, says Professor Gini, is not so much work but the Western attitude to time.

“We have never been comfortable with the idea of free time. It is not in our nature to just let time pass.

Unstructured

time, dead time,

downtime,

wasted time — it makes us ill at ease.” If time is not filled with work, he says, Americans fill it with shopping and sports, or they just

consume the products of the entertainment industry — a multi-

million dollar business whose only purpose is to help us pass the time when we are not working.


Section One:


Section Two:

Global Reading

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Section Four:


Section Five:


“We should give some time to

contemplation,

wonder and the development of ideas,” says Professor Gini. Yet the idea that time should be spent doing something runs very deep in Anglo-American culture. Work is not just good for your bank

account.

It’s good for your

spiritual

health, too.

That’s not a view taken by British psychologist Oliver James.

“Large

polls

of citizens from developed nations find that they say they are happier than those in developing ones. But when comparison is made between the different developed nations, the citizens of the richest are no more likely to say they are happier than those from the poorest,” he says.

“When a society reaches the stage of being able to meet all its citizens’ basic needs, increasing their overall wealth does not make them happier.”


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Global Reading

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That’s a view supported by a growing “anti-work” movement in the US and Britain, a loosely connected group of campaigners

dedicated to

the idea that people should work to live, not live to work.

As well as publishing guides on how to do nothing creatively, these work

rebels

organize events like “national phone in sick day”, encouraging

staff

to take unofficial days off.

“Imagine how you feel going into work on Monday morning,” says Brian Dean, who

edits

the anti-work magazine Anxiety Culture .

“If it makes you feel ill, then phone in sick.” The message seems to be getting through. In a recent survey, more than a third of British workers admitted to pretending to be sick to get time off work.

But the anti-work rebels face a problem. People who work hard often forget to relax. They will have to work hard at learning to be lazy. Maybe it’s easier just to carry on.


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Global Reading

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“It is something you have to prepare for,” says Professor Gini.

“The importance of being lazy means to not always be busy with something connected with your job. It’s about stopping working, doing something you would rather be doing, or the gentle art of doing ‘nothing’.”

756 words


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... much of Europe is getting ready to shut down for business.

Paraphrase:

Most Europeans are ready to stop working or close their businesses. In most European countries people do not work much during the summer. Many of them go on vacation.

很多欧洲人正准备关门停业。


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... it’s siesta time.

夏天是休息时间。

Explanation:

“Siesta" is a Spanish word referring to an afternoon rest or nap, esp. that commonly taken during the hottest hours of the day.

Here "siesta time" suggests that the whole summer season is the time for rest in Spain and Italy.


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... my future is shorter than my past ... I’ve got to take time now because, like it or not, time will be taken away from me.

Explanation: like it or not: whether you like it or not, i.e. you have to face the unpleasant situation because you cannot change it. A similar phrase is: "believe it or not".

Paraphrase:

I’ve already spent most of my time in this world doing my job.

Now that I will have no time, no matter I like it or not, I have to take some time to relax and do what I like to do.

我意识到我的未来比我的过去少，我现在必须花时间放松自

己，做我愿意做的事情。不管我是否愿意，我的时间快用完

了。


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... the fine art of doing nothing ...

Explanation:

The phrase “fine art” originally refers to the art of painting and sculpture. Note that “fine” and “art” are inseparable. Here in the text “fine art” are two separate words, meaning “great art” or “the art that requires fine skills”.

休闲的伟大艺术


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As well as publishing guides on how to do nothing creatively, these work rebels organize events like "national phone in sick day"...

Explanation: national phone in sick day: A day on which everyone in the country calls his company to ask for sick leave. Grammatically

“phone in sick” had better be hyphenated as “phone-in-sick” as it is used as an adjective modifying “day”.

Paraphrase:

Besides providing suggestions in their magazines on how to spend one’s leisure time in a creative way, these “anti-work” people organize events like “national phone in sick day”.

这些“反工作者”不光出版指导手册告诉人们怎么创造性地度

过空余时间，还积极组织类似“全民电话请假日”的活动。


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shut down to stop operation, esp. for a long period of time; to close down e.g. They’ve shut down their factory.

e.g.

Some business will have to shut down if there is a recession.

e.g.

The commission has ordered two mines to be shut down.

Collocation: shut oneself in (prevent oneself from getting out of a place) e.g. She shuts herself in her study for hours.

shut sth. up (close all the doors and windows of a house, etc.) e.g. We shut up the house before going on holidays.

shut sb up (cause sb to stop talking) e.g. Can’t you shut him up?

shut sth. in sth. (trap or pinch sth. by closing sth) e.g. I shut my finger in the car door.


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Practice:

Translate the following sentences into English:

1) 工厂关闭后工人失业了。

The workshop has shut down and the workers are unemployed.

2) 由于罢工，这个工厂停产两个月。

The plant was shut down for two months as a result of the strike.


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siesta n. a rest or nap taken in the middle of the day e.g.

John used to take a siesta in the afternoon.


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relaxing a.

making one feel relaxed e.g. At noon, the sun is shining and people are napping. It’s such a relaxing scene.

Derivation: relax v.

e.g. Let your muscles relax slowly.

relaxation n.

e.g. Fishing is his favorite relaxation. relaxed a. e.g. She gave us a relaxed smile.


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easygoing a.

relaxed and casual in style or manner e.g. an easygoing life as a part-time consultant e.g. You are too easygoing with those people, they take advantage of your kind-heartedness.

e.g.

He was easygoing, humorous, and agreeable in his daily living.


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Practice:


1) 我们的经理是个随和的人，她从不发怒。

Our manager is an easygoing person; she never gets angry.

2) 我母亲不在乎谁来住，她非常随和。

My mother doesn’t mind who comes to stay; she’s very easygoing.


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govern v.

1) to control e.g. govern one’s feelings, passion, temper e.g. Don’t let bad temper govern your decision.

2) to influence sth./sb. decisively; to determine e.g. Self-interest governs all his actions.

e.g.

The rise and fall of the sea is governed by the movements of the moon.

e.g. Similar principles govern the early history of all primitive people.

3) to rule (a country, etc); to control or direct the public affairs of (a city, country, etc) e.g.

The Irish demanded the right to govern themselves.

e.g. These laws govern the sale of beer and wine.

e.g. Canada is governed by a prime minister and his cabinet.


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Derivation: governing a.

e.g. the governing body of a college

Practice:

Translate the following sentences into Chinese:

1) In Britain the Queen reigns, but elected representatives of the people govern the country.

在英国，女王是君主而治理国家的却是民选的代表。

2) She’s never been able to govern that malicious tongue of hers.

她总是不能管住自己那张恶毒的嘴。


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continental n. a person who lives in Europe but not in the British Isles

Derivation: continent n.

1


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unstructured a. not organized in a detailed way, and allowing people freedom to do what they want e.g. an unstructured environment

Derivation: structure v.

e.g.

They structured the program to reach all ages.

e.g. to structure a teaching program so as to emphasize class participation


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Practice:


1) 约翰认为这是一篇结构巧妙的文章。

John thought it was an intelligently structured essay.

2) 你应该学会去规划自己的事业。

You should learn to structure your own career.


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downtime n.

a period of time in which there is nothing to do


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consume v.

e.g.

1) to use up

Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee’s valuable time.

2) to eat or drink especially in large quantity e.g. It didn’t take the hungry boys long to consume the loaf of bread.

3) destroy sb./sth. by fire, decay, etc.

e.g. The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.

e.g. Fire can consume whole forests.

Derivation: consuming a.

e.g. Building model trains is his consuming passion.

consumer n.

e.g. Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.

consumption n.

e.g. The meat was declared unfit for human consumption.


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Practice:


1) 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽。

He soon consumed his fortune.

2) 这辆汽车很费汽油。

The car consumes a lot of fuel.


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contemplation n.

1) the act of thinking deeply and seriously to understand something more fully e.g. I’m sorry to interrupt your contemplations, but … e.g.

He sat there deep in contemplation.

e.g. The governor reached his decision after a good deal of contemplation.

2) consideration; intention e.g. the Government’s contemplation of new measures e.g. She bought three dresses in contemplation of her trip.


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Derivation: contemplate v.

e.g. He contemplated what the future would be like without the children.

Practice:


1) 他坐在那里沉思着。

He sat there deep in contemplation.

2) 他重又凝视着那炉火。

He returned to his contemplation of the fire.


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account n.

1) a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to and taken from e.g. I opened an account at my bank in your name.

e.g. I have an account with this bank.

2) statement of money paid or owed for goods or services e.g. We’ve never failed to keep a complete account of every penny we’ve spent.

e.g. Don’t forget to give me those household accounts for the time while I was away.

e.g. A short lady was making out the account of a customer.

3) report; description e.g.

She gave him a full account of her conversation with the doctor.

e.g. The accounts I have received of Australia are not particularly encouraging.

e.g. Why don’t you write your own account of what happened?


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Collocation: by/from all accounts (according to what has been said or reported) e.g. I’ve never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place.

call sb. to account (make sb. explain an error, a loss, etc) e.g. His boss called him to account for failing to meet the deadline.

give a good, poor, etc. account of oneself (do or perform well, badly, etc. esp. in a content) e.g. Our team gave a splendid account of themselves to win the match.

on one’s own account (on one’s own behalf) e.g. I was worried on my own account, not yours.

take sth. into account (consider) e.g. When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account.


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Practice:


1) 您愿意付现金还是记入您的帐里？

Will you pay cash or shall I charge it to your account?

2) 我的户头里有 200 英镑。

I have £200 in my account.

spiritual


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spiritual a .

1) of the nature of spirit e.g. concerned about sb’s spiritual welfare e.g. Her spiritual beauty outshone her physical beauty.

e.g. She considered him as her spiritual father.

2) of the Church or of religion e.g. The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians.

e.g. Priests help us to look after our spiritual life.

e.g. He devoted himself to a spiritual life.

spiritual


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Derivation: spirituality n.

spiritually ad.

e.g. a spiritually impoverished culture spirit n.

e.g. Although they lost, the team played with tremendous spirit.

Practice ：


1) 他的痛苦是精神上的，不是身体上的。

His agony is spiritual, not physical.

2) 教会对农民进行精神统治。

The Church had immense spiritual influence over the peasant.

poll


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poll n .

the number of votes recorded at an election e.g. They expected a heavy poll.


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dedicate to to give completely to e.g. He dedicated his life to the abolition of slavery.

e.g. He felt that socialism was the most important cause to which he could dedicate himself.

e.g. She dedicated herself to conserving our natural resources.

Derivation: dedication n.

e.g. His dedication to teaching gained the respect of his peers.

dedicated a.

e.g. a dedicated musician


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1) 她毕生致力于帮助穷人。

She dedicated her life to helping the poor.

2) 他毕生致力于与腐败作斗争。

He dedicated his life to fighting corruption.


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rebel n.

someone who refuses to do things in normal way, or in the way that other people want them to e.g. The rebels have seized the post office.

e.g. The rebels were arrested and tried for treason.

e.g. Francis was not a rebel by nature.

e.g. The film director was a rebel among his peers.


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1) 她总是有点桀骜不驯。

She has always been a bit of a rebel.

2) 叛乱分子武装反抗政府。

The rebels armed themselves against the government.


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staff n.

1) the group of workers who carry on a job e.g. The headmaster and his staff met to discuss the new timetable.

e.g. You won’t be cutting down the office staff, then?

e.g. The manager here has a staff of fifty.

2) strong stick or pole used as a support when walking or climbing, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority or sign of office e.g. The old man leant on a long wooden staff.

e.g. The flag fluttered from the top of the staff.

3) group of senior army officers assisting a commanding officer e.g. The army general has asked for more staff officers.


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1) 这家店里的店员很热心。

The staff in this shop are very helpful.

2) 我们办公室需要增加人手。

We need more staff in the office.


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edit v.

to collect pieces of writing by different authors and prepare them for publication e.g. In 1840 he obtained permission to edit a daily paper.

e.g. The teacher is editing famous speeches for use in schoolbooks.

e.g. The author has edited out all references to his own family.

Derivation: edition n.

e.g. a pocket edition 袖珍本


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e.g. an abridged edition a deluxe edition a revised edition a popular edition a two-volume edition an airmail edition an overseas edition

缩写本

豪华本

修订本

普及本

两卷本

航空版

海外版 editor n. e.g. She was not even admitted to the presence of the editors she demanded to see.

editorial n. & a. e.g. The editorial appeared in translation in the Jan. 14 issue of

Peking Review.

e.g.

The editorial article in the paper is written by the editor himself.

3


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1) 我计划编辑一部莎士比亚剧本供学校使用。

I am going to edit a Shakespearean play for use in schools.

2) 我打算编辑一本《爱尔兰童话故事》的儿童读物。

I am to edit a volume of Irish Fairy Tales for children.


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Vocabulary analysis

Grammar exercises

Translation exercises

Exercises for integrated skills

Oral activities

Writing practice

Listening exercises

Vocabulary analysis

1. Word comparison

2. Word derivation

3. Collocation practice


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Word comparison

Group 1: A. control B. restrict C. manage D. release E. govern

Explanation:

A.

Control means to exercise restraining or directing influence over, regulate.

e.g. The government is making its efforts to control inflation.

B.

Restrict means to place under restrictions as to use or distribution.

e.g. Fog restricted visibility.

C.

Manage means to exercise executive, administrative, and supervisory direction of.

e.g. Jones manages the finances here.


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D.

Release means to give permission for publication, performance, exhibition, or sale of; to make available to the public.

e.g.

The police have released no further details about the crime.

E.

Govern means to exercise continuous sovereign authority over; especially to control and direct the making and administration of policy in.

e.g. In Britain the Queen reigns, but elected representatives of the people govern the country.


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Group 2: A. focus B. problem C. department D. part E. issue

Explanation :

A.

Focus means a state or condition permitting clear perception or understanding.

e.g.

In tonight’s programme our focus is on Germany.

B.

Problem means an intricate unsettled question.

e.g. How do you cope with the problem of poor vision?

C.

Department means a category consisting especially of a measurable activity or attribute.

e.g. Don’t ask me about our finances: that’s my wife’s department.

D.

Part means some but not all of a thing or number of things.

e.g. We spent part of our holiday in France.


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E.

Issue means a vital or unsettled matter.

e.g. The government raised a new economic issue.


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Group 3: A. advanced B. developed C. organized D. formal

E. structured

Explanation :

A.

Advanced means greatly developed beyond an initial stage.

e.g. Many countries have had advanced scientific methods.

B.

Developed means having a relatively high level of industrialization and standard of living.

e.g. The United States has a highly developed system of agriculture.

C.

Organized means having a formal organization to coordinate and carry out activities.

e.g. John is a highly organized person.


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D.

Formal means following or according with established form, custom, or rule.

e.g. “Request” is a more formal way of saying “ask for”.

E.

Structured means carefully organized, planned, or arranged.

e.g. It is an intelligently structured essay.


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Group 4: A. need B. use C. take D. occupy E. consume

Explanation :

A.

Need means to be in need of, require.

e.g. I need to consult a dictionary.

B.

Use means to consume or take (as liquor or drugs) regularly.

e.g. The car used a gallon of petrol for journey.

C.

Take means to get into one’s hands or into one’s possession, power, or control.

e.g. It’s your turn to take the dog for a walk.

D.

Occupy means to take or hold possession or control of.

e.g. The army occupies the enemy’s capital.

E.

Consume means to use up.

e.g. He soon consumed his fortune.


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Group 5: A. outlook B. thoughts C. attitude D. opinion E. view

Explanation :

A.

Outlook means the prospect for the future.

e.g. It is a bright outlook for trade.

B.

Thoughts means something (as an opinion or belief) in the mind.

e.g. Let me have your thoughts on the subject.

C.

Attitude means a feeling or emotion toward a fact or state.

e.g. She shows a very positive attitude to her work.

D.

Opinion means a view, judgment, or appraisal formed in the mind about a particular matter.

e.g. He was asked to give his honest opinion.


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E.

View means an opinion or judgment colored by the feeling or bias of its holder.

e.g. We fell in with the committee’s views.


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Word derivation

1. relax

Derivatives of relax : relaxation, relaxed, relaxing

Chinese-English translation

1) 对规则的某些放宽 some relaxation of the rules

2) 他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼。

Fishing is his favorite relaxation.

3) 轻松的教学方式 a relaxed style of teaching

4) 轻松的微笑 a relaxed smile


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2. argument

Derivatives of argument : argue, argumentation, argumentative


1) 我们没怎么进一步争论就达成了一致意见。

We agreed without much further argument.

2) 政府的论点是必须首先着眼于抑制通货膨胀。

The government’s argument is that they must first aim to beat inflation.

3) 不要和母亲争辩。

Don’t argue with your mother.

4) 为争取罢工权利而辩论 argue for the right to strike


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3. consume

Derivatives of consume : consumer, consumption, consuming


1) 制作模型火车是令他废寝忘食的爱好。

Building model trains is his consuming passion.

2) 这种肉已被宣布不适合人们食用。

The meat was declared unfit for human consumption.

3) 要鼓励消费者对劣质产品进行投诉。

Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.

4) 火焰很快地吞噬了那所小木屋。

The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.


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4. contemplate

Derivatives of contemplate : contemplation, contemplative


1) 她站着审视那幅图画。

She stood contemplating the painting.

2) 他重又凝视着那炉火。

He returned to his contemplation of the fire.

3) 深思熟虑的表情 a contemplative look

4) 政府采取新措施的意图 the Government’s contemplation of new measures


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5. encourage

Derivatives of encourage : encouragement, encouraging


1) 不要助长孩子的坏习惯。

Don’t encourage bad habits in a child.

2) 教师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。

The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.

3) 今年的销售额很令人鼓舞。

This year’s sales figures are very encouraging.

4) 令人鼓舞的迹象 encouraging signs


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Collocation practice

1. on average

Explanation: taking account of use, performance, etc. over a period

Examples:

1) 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。

We fail one student per year on average.

2) 平均来说，男人比女人吸烟多。

On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.

3) 日本人平均比欧洲人寿命长。

Japanese people on average live much longer than Europeans.


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2. like it or not

Explanation: whether you like it or not

Examples:

1) Like it or not, time passes quickly.

无论你愿不愿意，时光飞逝。

2) I have warned you, like it or not, throw the watch away.

我已经警告过你了，不管你愿不愿意，把那块表扔了。

3) The dog is so dirty, like it or not, send it back.

这只狗太脏了，不管你愿不愿意，把它送回去。


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3. ill at ease

Explanation: not feeling easy, not comfortable

Examples:

1) The hostess was so hospitable that I felt ill at ease.

女主人太热情，让我感到不自在。

2) Their talking made me ill at ease.

他们的谈话让我感到不舒服。

3) The couple living on my up-floor quarreled day and night, which made me ill at ease.

住在我楼上的那对夫妇整天吵架，真是让我苦不堪言。


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4. dedicated to

Explanation: give or devote (oneself, time, effort, etc) to (a noble cause or purpose)

Examples:

1) 她毕生致力于帮助穷人。

She dedicated her life to helping the poor.

2) 约翰致力于教育事业。

John dedicated himself to the cause of education.

3) 他致力于世界和平事业。

He dedicated himself to the cause of world peace.


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5. take ... days off

Explanation: have (specified period of time) as a holiday or break

Examples: from work

1) I’m taking next week off.

我下周要休假。

2) You seem so tired. You’d better have several days off.

你看起来很疲惫。最好休息几天吧。

3) I was permitted to take two weeks off to travel around this city.

我被准予两个星期的假来游览这个城市。


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Grammar exercises

I. The simple present tense and the present progressive tense

II. Determiners

III. As well as and would rather


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The simple present tense and the present progressive tense

In the present, you are reading this very sentence. The verb phrase are reading is in the present tense. The present tense includes only those actions or states of being that exist in the immediate moment.

Perhaps you are also considering a trip to the kitchen, thinking,

"I’m hungry." The verb am is in the present tense.

[1] The simple present tense and [2] the present progressive tense


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Simple Present Tense subject + auxiliary verb + main verb

There are three important exceptions:

For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.

For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.

For the verb to be , we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

We use the simple present tense when: the action is general the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future the action is not only happening now the statement is always true.


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e.g.

John drives a taxi. (It is John’s job to drive a taxi. He does it

every day.)

I live in New York.

The Moon goes round the Earth.

He does not drive a bus.

We do not work at night.

Do you play football?


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Note that with the verb to be , we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the

simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of

the verb to be

in the present simple tense — some of them are

general, some of them are now: e.g. Am I right?

Tara is not at home.

You are happy.

I am not fat.

Why are you so beautiful?

Ram is tall.


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Present Progressive Tense

We often use the present progressive tense in English. It is very

different from the simple present tense, both in structure and in use.

It describes verbs whose action or condition is specifically ongoing.

The action or condition of verbs in a progressive tense begins at some point of time, past, present, or future, and continues. A progressive tense verb adds a form of be to its present participle

(be+verb+-ing).

Progressive tenses are also called continuous tenses. So the present continuous tense is the same as the present progressive tense.


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Practice:

Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb in the bracket.

1. I’m afraid you can’t see the judge now. He _ is hearing (hear) a case.

Explanation:

It describes verbs whose action or condition is specifically ongoing.

on the hook.

Explanation:

Present progressive tense describes verbs whose action or condition is specifically ongoing, while we use the simple present tense when: the action is general; the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future; the action is not only happening now; the statement is always true.


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3. A: I _ think one _

(think) repair jobs always expects (expect). What

_ take (take) longer than

_ are they doing (they, do) now?

B: They _ are putting (put) in new electric parts. They _ seem

(seem) competent electricians but they _ smoke (smoke) at their work and this _ slows (slow) them down.

Explanation:



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4. A: I _ don’t think (not think) your brother party. He

_ keeps

_ is enjoying

(keep) looking at his watch.

(enjoy) the

B: Oh, I’m sure he _ is enjoying (enjoy) it. He always _ enjoys

(enjoy) your party. But I _ know be home early tonight because he

(know) he _ wants

_ is expecting

(want) to

(expect) an important telephone call.

Explanation:



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5. A: How much longer

_ are you staying (you, stay) in England?

B: Only one more day. I

_ am going

_ am leaving (leave) tomorrow night. I

(go) to the Holland for two weeks.

Explanation:

Present progressive tense describes verbs whose action or condition is specifically ongoing.

Be leaving and be going indicate future events.


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Determiners

Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type.

Determiners are different to pronouns in that a determiner is always followed by a noun. Therefore personal pronouns (I, you, he, etc.) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) cannot be determiners.

The indefinite and

definite articles

a/an/the are all determiners.

You use a specific determiner when people know exactly which thing(s) or person/people you are talking about.

The specific determiners are: the definite article : the demonstratives : this, that, these, those possessives : my, your, his, her, its, our, their


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e.g.

The dog barked at the boy.

These apples are rotten.

Their bus was late.


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Definite article "the"

Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change

according to the gender or number of the noun they refer to, e.g.

the boy, the woman, the children.

‘The’ is used:

1. to refer to something which has already been mentioned: e.g.

An elephant and a mouse fell in love.

The mouse loved the elephant’s long trunk, and the elephant loved the mouse’s tiny nose.


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2. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked

about, even if it has not been mentioned before:

e.g. “Where’s the bathroom?”

“It’s on the first floor.”

3. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object: e.g. The man who wrote this book is famous.

“Which car did you scratch?” The red one.

My house is the one with a blue door.


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4. to refer to objects we regard as unique: e.g. the sun, the moon, the world

5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers: e.g. the highest building, the first page, the last chapter

6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people: e.g. the Japanese, the old

7. with names of geographical areas and oceans: e.g. the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic

8. with decades, or groups of years: e.g. She grew up in the seventies.


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Practice:

Fill in the blanks with the or my

1. He hit me smartly and swiftly on _ the head.

Explanation:

Hit somebody on the head is a phrase.

2. You don’t have to pull me by

Explanation: collar.

Pull somebody by the collar is a phrase.


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3. I received a bill for the car rental from

_ my credit card company.

Explanation:

My here means of or belonging to.

4. Come and meet _ my wife.

Explanation:

My here means of or belonging to.

5. He took me by _ the gently away.

Explanation: arm and began drawing me firmly but

Take somebody by the arm is a phrase.


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As well as and would rather

as well as

would rather


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As well as means in addition to or besides.

e.g. Are they coming as well?

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.


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Would rather means prefer to.

e.g. Some people would rather go into jail than join the army.

“Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’d rather not. I have to drive home.”


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Practice

Translate the following sentences with as well as or would rather .

1. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。

She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.

2. 与毒品做斗争不仅可以清除很多犯罪根源而且可以促进社会

稳定。

Fight against drugs helps eliminate the source of many crimes as well as enhance the social stability.


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3. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。

I’d rather walk than take a bus.

4. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。

She’d rather die than lose the children.


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Translation exercises

Translate each of the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket. Inflect the word or phrase where necessary.

1. 由于罢工，福特汽车厂停工了两个月。 (shut down)

Notes ：

As a result of means because of something that has happened. It is used to indicate the cause and effect.

Ford Automobile Plant was shut down for two months as a result of the strike.


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1) 工厂关闭后工人失业了。

The workshop has shut down and the workers are unemployed.

2) 有传言，这个工厂明年会倒闭。

There’s a rumor going around that the plant is shutting down next year.

3) 他们把工厂关闭了。

They’ve shut down their factory.


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2. 农村的文化生活无法与大城市相比。 (compare)

Notes ：

To simplify the sentence we may use that to take the place of cultural life.

The cultural life in the country cannot compare with that of a large city.


1) 将这两首诗的风格加以比较。

Compare the style of the two poems.

2) 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。

If you compare her work with his, you’ll find hers is much better.

3) 在悲剧写作方面他根本不能与莎士比亚相比。

He cannot compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.


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3. 该报告使读者能够对两种车子进行直接的比较。 (make a comparison)

Notes ：

Allow somebody to do something means to permit.

The report allows the readers to make a direct comparison between the two types of cars.


1) 你不能把美国和日本的学校进行比较，它们是截然不同的。

You can’t make a comparison between American and Japanese schools — they’re too different.

2) 老师让学生们比较 A 、 B 两个物体。

The teacher asked the students to make a comparison between object A and object B.

3) 首先，比较一下这两个公司，然后再做出选择。

First, make a comparison between the two companies and then make a choice.


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4. 现有的煤的储备量应该能够满足来年的需要。 (meet)

Notes ：

In this sentence, meet means to satisfy or fulfil.

The existing (present) stocks of coal should meet our needs for the coming year.


1) 他们提出的反对意见我们都能圆满解决吗？

Can we meet all their objections?

2) 几乎没有应聘者符合要求。

Few applicants meet the requirements of this job.

3) 对不起，我不能满足你的愿望。

Sorry, I cannot meet your wishes.


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5. 他呆在那儿 , 沉思了几个小时，思索着宇宙的秘密。 (contemplate)

Notes ：

In this sentence, we can use a present participle to describe an accompanying action.

He remained there for hours deep in thought, contemplating the mysteries of the universe.


1) 他思忖着要是没有这些孩子将来又如何。

He contemplated what the future would be like without the children.

2) 她站着审视那幅图画。

She stood contemplating the painting.

3) 他整天呆在屋子里思索着生命的意义。

He stayed in the house contemplating the meaning of life all day long.


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Exercises for integrated skills

Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.

Most Americans live according to time segments laid (1) in engagement calendar. These calendars may be (2) into intervals as short as fifteen (3) . We often give a person two (4) __ three (or more) segments of our calendar, but in the business (5) we almost always have other appointments following hard (6) ___ the heels of whatever we are doing.

(7) is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.


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(8) a result we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce (9) ___ steady flow of labor-saving devices; we (10) rapidly through telexes, phone calls (11) memos rather than through personal contacts, (12) though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic-filled

,


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out

Explanation:

Lay out means to arrange something in a planned way.


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divided

Explanation:

Divide something into something means to cause something to split or break.


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minutes

Explanation:

Minute here means one sixtieth part of an hour, equal to 60 seconds.

Because fifteen is put before minute, so the plural form minutes should be used.


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or

Explanation:

Or is used as a function word to indicate an alternative.


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world

Explanation:

In this sentence, world means people or things belonging to a certain class or sphere of activity, interest, etc.


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on

Explanation:

On the heels of something indicates following closely after something.


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Time

Explanation:

Time here refers to the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues.


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As

Explanation:

As a result indicates effect or outcome.


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a

Explanation:

A is used with an abstract noun that is restricted by the phrase which follows it.


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communicate

Explanation:

Communicate means to convey knowledge of or information about, to make known.


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or

Explanation:



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which

Explanation:

Which is used to refer to something previously mentioned.


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streets

Explanation:

Street here refers to public road in a city, town or village with houses and buildings on one side or both. The plural form should be used.


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or

Explanation:



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Organize yourselves into groups of five or six and discuss the following issues.

1. Tell each other how you feel when you return to school on

Monday morning. How do you balance your work and leisure?

Suggestions:

The discussion can be based on the following aspects.

1) Your true feeling of returning to school on Monday morning.

2) How to arrange the relationship between work and leisure?


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A sample discussion :

I feel terrible to return to school on Monday morning. On weekends I, with my friends, went camping. It was a wonderful time. But now I have to go to school again. It is hard to adapt myself to it immediately, but I can. I understand I have to study well, not only for myself but also for my parents. My way to balance work and leisure is simple, which is to do what you should do. For example, on Monday, I should work, and then I work. On weekends, I should relax myself, and then I relax.


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2. There is a proverb: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

What is your idea about it?

Suggestions:

The discussion can be based on the following aspects.

1) The meaning of this proverb.

2) Your own experience.

A sample discussion :

It is sometimes sound. Imagine what you would become when your whole life is filled with work that you don’t like. The result will be an exhausted man. However, when your work is really interesting and inspiring, the outcome may be different.

For example, if you are a movie director, you will have to be creative all the time and keep on conceiving new ideas, then you will be a dynamic guy instead of a dull person.


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Writing practice

Suppose you have received a letter from your classmate in high school, complaining about his or her college life being too busy.

Write a 300-word letter in reply giving him or her some suggestions as to how to tackle the study-related pressure.


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A sample letter:

Dear Mary,

Your worry is the same as mine. I also hate being too busy in college. However, I think we can have a good time while studying well in college. Efficiency is very important. As to study, I don’t think it is necessary for us to spend day and night on it. Rather, we can choose the time segment when we are mentally ready for absorbing new knowledge or reviewing what we’ve learned. Thus we can have time to have fun when we allocate adequate time for learning.


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Sometimes, we give ourselves too much pressure. We think we should study well, otherwise we would disappoint our parents and we are surpassed by peers, and so forth. Actually, when we contemplate these pressures, we can see clearly that they are not necessary and even harmful to our mental and physical growth. If we can learn very well in class and efficiently after class, why not have more fun in spare time? Pressure can only be useful when it becomes a pushing power, otherwise we should desert it.

Mind you, joy does not contradict study. We should study and play at once. Thus, college life will be the most memorable part of our lives.

Sincerely yours,

Jane


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Listening exercises

European Travel Ltd.

A. Pre-listening questions.

1.What do you think is the best city to visit in China? Why?

2.What is the most interesting place you have ever visited? Talk about it.

3.What is your dream place? Talk about it.

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script


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B. A student is telephoning a travel agent. Look at the “Casual

Enquiry” form as you listen and fill in the relevant information.

European Travel Ltd.

“Casual Enquiry” Form

Enquiry regarding holiday to/in:

Accommodation required (Tick as appropriate):

___hotel ____bed & breakfast ____half board ____full board self-catering _____villa apartment

Period: from

Alternative:

1st Sept.

to _________ from 25th Aug.

to ________

Travel: flight _____ train _____ ferry

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Number of people in party:

Price: range from

￡

75 to

￡

125

Any other special requests or requirements:

’

s near the sea, or an

Name:

Address:

Tel. No.:


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European Travel Ltd.

M:

A:

M:

A:

(A = Assistant; M = Mark)

A: Good afternoon, European Travel Ltd. Can I help you?

M:

A:

M:

Yes, I wonder if you can help me.

We’ll try, sir.

Well, I know we’ve left it rather late to book up, but three friends

A: and I would like to go to Malta for a fortnight at the end of the summer.

Well, I’ll see what we can do. If you can wait one moment while I get a form, then I can take down all the details and come back to you. (pause) Now, sir, you’d like to go to Malta.

Yes. But we don’t want to stay in a hotel.

So you want a self-catering arrangement.

Yes.

Were you thinking of a villa, or an apartment?

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M: An apartment, I think. That would be cheaper than a villa, wouldn’t it?

A: Usually, yes. But not always. And when did you want to go?

M: Well, when we’ve all got a bit of money from our holiday jobs.

We were thinking of the first two weeks in September. Perhaps

A: from the 1st.

Well, I’ll say, from the 1st to the 15th September. And that would be from a Wednesday to a Wednesday, which is quite good, because mid-week flights are not so full and they’re

A: sometimes a little cheaper.

M: Oh, good.

How about alternative dates? If that period is difficult, could you all go a week earlier, let’s say, or a week later?

M: Well, we could go in the last week of August, I suppose.

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A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

Well, I’ll put that down as an alternative. 25th August to 8th

September. But you’d rather have the first two weeks in

September if possible?

Yes.

Now, how many did you say were in the party?

There’ll be four of us. All students.

Four. Good. And how about the price range? How much did you want to pay? Or should I say, how much were you hoping to pay?

Well, we thought we might get something for about 100 pounds each.

Mm. I don’t know. Could I put down 75 pounds to 150 pounds?

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M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

Well, no. We can’t go to 150 pounds each. Say 75 pounds to 125 pounds, if you like. But we’ve got to buy or get all our meals, and then we need spending money and so on.

Well, as I say, I’ll see what I can do. I think I know of one company that might have the sort of apartment you’re looking for. Any other requests or requirements?

Only that we’d like to be near the sea — or at least not miles away from it. Or, if we have to be a little miles from the coast, we’d obviously like an apartment block with a swimming pool.

So it’s near the sea, or an apartment with a swimming pool.

Yes.

Good. Well, as I say, I’ll look at a number of brochures for you and try to find something. Then I’ll get back to you either later today or early tomorrow morning. So if you could give me your name ...

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M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

A:

M:

Mark. M A R K. Mark Dawson. That’s D A W S O N.

That’s fine. And your address?

A hundred and fifty-three. One, five, three. Lauderdale Road.

That’s L A U D E R D A L E Road.

And your telephone number so that I can call you back.

3572468.

3572468. Good. And you’ll be at that number for the rest of today and tomorrow morning.

Yes.

Well, leave it with me for now. I’m sure I can find something.

Good. Thank you very much indeed.

It’s a pleasure. Goodbye.

Bye.

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Supplementary reading

Memorable quotes

Lead-in questions:

1) Are you a workaholic?

2) How do you balance your work and leisure?


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Less Work Is the Secret to a Richer Life

Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes

If everything had gone according to plan, elves would have written this story.

At least, that was the hope inspired by two new books — The Lazy

Way to Success and The Lazy Person’s Guide to Success . Both say loafing is the secret to accomplishing goals.

To back up that claim, authors Fred Gratzon, a former

ice cream mogul,

and Ernie J. Zelinski, a Canadian writer, offer stories and quotes from

famous dawdlers.

“Hard work has absolutely nothing to do with success,” Gratzon asserts. If it did, “physical labourers would be the richest people in society.”


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Fittingly, both authors followed their own advice in writing the books. Zelinski’s 286-page book is actually half that length because every left-hand page is nothing more than quotes and large-print summaries of the main text. Likewise, Gratzon’s 216-page

tome

is filled with more than 200 illustrations.

Laziness seems to be a trend in book publishing. A Chicago philosophy professor has just released The Importance of Being Lazy , which extols the virtues of vacations and leisure time. Other idle titles include The Lazy Person’s Guide to Fitness, Learn German the Lazy

Way, The Lazy Man’s Guide to Purchasing a Piano and an updated edition of Joe Karbo’s 1970s classic The Lazy Man’s Way to Riches , which focused more on positive thinking than on

literal idleness.

Perhaps it was inevitable that laziness would emerge as a self-help gimmick.

Every other gimmick has been tried.


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During the past 50 years, says public speaker Jack Zufelt, “We’ve been taught that the keys to success are goal-setting, affirmations, optimism,

walking on hot coals,

meditating, finding the inner self.” Yet the search for a shortcut to success continues.

Could loafing be the answer?

Skeptics roll their eyes. “It’s ironic, in this time of growing unemployment, that there’d be a market for what I think is basically bad advice,” says Edward Lawler, a University of Southern California

(USC) business professor. Still, the lazy method isn’t totally misguided, he adds. “Like a lot of fads, there’s an element of truth in it.”

Although generally entertaining,

Gratzon’s book is thin on specifics.

“It’s more of a philosophical book instead of a step-by-step guide,”

Gratzon acknowledges.


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The central thesis is that people should

junk the idea

that long hours bring wealth. “I will readily concede that if you achieve something in one hour, you will achieve two somethings in two hours,” he writes. “But what if you want one million somethings? Then you need a new math.”

One key to that new math is lots of leisure time, so the brain has a

chance to unwind and hatch brilliant ideas.

Lawler, the USC business professor, says Gratzon has a point. “If you want people to do creative thinking, you need to give them a little slack time,” he says. But Lawler disagrees with almost everything else in Lazy Way .

For example, Gratzon advises readers to quit their jobs unless the work is “pure fun”. Do what you love and riches will follow.


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“Not necessarily,” says Lawler. “You probably will ultimately be happier, but I don’t know that money will follow. That’s wishful thinking. Look at the average pay for actors (three out of four earn less than US$7,500 a year). Look at all the unemployed PhDs in English and history. They may be very happy, but I think it’s misleading to suggest wealth will follow.”

Zelinski, the other

laziness author,

gets around that problem by urging his readers to rethink their definition of success. Instead of seeking fame and fortune, he advises people to be happy with what they have and spend more time with family and friends. “It’s possible to be a huge success at work and

miss out on life

completely,” he writes. “Day-to-day life will have little meaning if your main reason for going to work is to pay for the possessions you don’t have time to use.” In other words, “If you work more than eight hours a day, you are in the wrong job,” he says.


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In Pennsylvania, John C. Norcross, a University of Scranton psychology professor says some of Zelinski’s advice is sound, but overall it’s flawed. “Although

laziness may be a good marketing hook,

there’s practically no scientific support for it as a path to self-help success,” he says.

“People are always looking for effortless formulas for success and personal growth,” Norcross adds, but the truth is it takes “a concerted and sustained effort”.

Hmm. Sounds suspiciously like hard work.

770 words


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Memorable quotes

If everything had gone according to plan, elves would have written this story.

Elves (the plural of “elf”) are tiny, mischievous fairies haunting woods and hills. By this sentence, the author means if everything had gone according to plan, this article of his would have been just like a practical joke by these mischievous elves.


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ice cream mogul ice cream a rich and important businessman dealing in


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famous dawdlers famous persons who waste time in trifling


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Further Enhancement a heavy, large book

Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes

tome


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Further Enhancement idleness in its true sense

Lead-in questions


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literal idleness


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Every other gimmick has been tried.

have been tried.

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All the other gimmicks


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Memorable quotes

... walking on hot coals ...

Every step forward is a struggle.

Here it means to gain success, you have to overcome many difficulties.


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Memorable quotes

...

Gratzon’s book is thin on specifics in details or substance on specifics.

Gratzon’s book is lacking


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junk the idea discard the idea

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Further Enhancement to straighten out and

Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes

... to unwind and hatch brilliant ideas conceive brilliant ideas


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laziness author

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Further Enhancement author on laziness

Lead-in questions


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miss out on life fail in life

Lead-in questions


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Further Enhancement laziness may have

Lead-in questions


Memorable quotes

... laziness may be a good marketing hook a marketing value which catches eyes


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Questions for discussion:

1.

What is your definition of success?

2.

What do you think is the key to success? Is laziness a luxury or a necessity?

3.

Do you agree that there is an element of truth to doing things in a

“lazy way”? Why/Why not?

Answers for reference:

1.

Open to discussion.

2 Open to discussion.

3.

Open to discussion.


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Memorable quotes

Please paraphrase the following quotes:

The wisdom of a learned man cometh by opportunity of leisure: and he that hath little business shall become wise.

— Bible


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Memorable quotes

To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.

—

Bertrand Russell

Document

I. Read aloud

II

Audiovisual supplements

I.

II. Structural analysis

III. Cultural background

Time to Take It Easy

Time to Take It Easy

1

spiritual

spiritual

poll

3

Vocabulary analysis

Word comparison

Word derivation

Collocation practice

Grammar exercises

Translation exercises

Exercises for integrated skills

Writing practice

￡

￡

’

Lead-in questions:

Less Work Is the Secret to a Richer Life

Questions for discussion:

Memorable quotes

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II. Structural analysis

III. Cultural background

Time to Take It Easy

Time to Take It Easy

1

spiritual

spiritual

poll

3

Vocabulary analysis

Word comparison

Word derivation

Collocation practice

Grammar exercises

Translation exercises

Exercises for integrated skills

Writing practice

￡

￡

’

Lead-in questions:

Less Work Is the Secret to a Richer Life

Questions for discussion:

Memorable quotes

Related documents

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