The peritoneum 腹膜
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
General features
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The peritoneum is a thin serous
membrane that line the walls of the
abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover
the organs within these cavities
Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜
－lines the walls of the abdominal and
pelvic cavities
Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜
－covers the organs
Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔－the potential
space between the parietal and visceral
layer of peritoneum, in the mail, is a closed
sac, but in the female, there is a
communication with the exterior through
the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the
vagina
Function
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Secretes a lubricating
serous fluid that
continuously moistens
the associated organs
Absorb
Support viscera
The relationship between viscera and peritoneum
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Intraperitoneal viscera 腹膜内位器官－viscera completely surrounded by
peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum,
cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary
Interperitoneal viscera 腹膜间位器官－most part of viscera surrounded by
peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper
part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus
Retroperitoneal viscera 腹膜外位器官－some organs lie on the posterior abdominal
wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example,
kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum,
middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter
Intraperitoneal viscera
Interperitoneal viscera
Retroperitoneal viscera
Interperitoneal viscera
Structures which are formed by peritoneum
Omentum 网膜
－two-layered fold of
peritoneum that
extends from stomach
to adjacent organs
Lessor omentum 小网膜
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－two-layered fold of
peritoneum which extends from
porta hepatis to lesser
curvature of stomach and
superior part of duodenum
Hepatogastric ligament
肝胃韧带－extends from porta
hepatis to lesser curvature of
stomach
Hepatoduodenal ligament
肝十二指肠韧带
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Extends from porta hepatis to
superior part of duodenum
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Contains common bile duct,
proper hepatic a. and hepatic
portal v.
Omental foramen 网膜孔
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Behind the right border of
hepatoduodenal ligament
Superior－caudate lobe of
liver
Inferior－superior part of
duodenum
Anterior－hepatodudenal
ligament
Posterior－peritoneum
covering the inferior vena
cava
Greater omentum 大网膜
－four-layered fold of peritoneum,
the anterior two layers descend
from the greater curvature of
stomach and superior part of
duodenum and hangs down like
an apron in front of coils of small
intestine, and then turns upward
and attaches to the transverse
colon. If an infection occurs in
the intestine, plasma cells
formed in the lymph nodes
combat the infection and help
prevent it from spreading to the
peritoneum.
Lessor omentum
Greater omentum
Omental bursa 网膜囊
Position－situated behind the lesser
omentum and stomach
Walls
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Superior－peritoneum which covers the
caudate lobe of liver and diaphragm
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Anterior－formed by lesser omentum,
peritoneum of posterior wall of stomach,
and anterior two layers of greater
omentum
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Inferior－conjunctive area of anterior
and posterior two layers of greater
omentum
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Posterior－formed by posterior two
layers of greater omentum, transverse
colon and transverse mesocolon,
peritoneum covering pancreas, left
kidney and suprarenal gland
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Left－formed by the
spleen, gastrosplenic
ligament胃脾韧带 and
splenorenal ligament
脾肾韧带
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Right－formed by
omental foramen
The Omental bursa (lesser
sac) communicates with
the greater sac through
the omental foramen.
Mesenteries or mesocolons－
two-layered fold of peritoneum
that attach part of the
intestines to the posterior
abdominal wall
Mesentery 肠系膜
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－suspends the small
intestine from the posterior
abdominal wall
Broad and a fan-shaped
Consists of two peritoneal
layers
Intestinal border－folded, 7
m long
Radix of mesentery
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15 cm long
Directed obliquely from left
side of L2 to in front of right
sacroiliac joint
Mesoappendix 阑尾系膜
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Triangular mesentery－
extends from terminal part
of ileum to appendix
Appendicular artery runs
in free margin of the
mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
横结肠系膜－a double fold of
peritoneum which connects
the transverse colon to the
posterior abdominal wall
Sigmoid mesocolon
乙状结肠系膜－inverted Vshaped, with apex located in
front of left ureter and
division of common iliac
artery
Ligaments 韧带
－two-layered folds of
peritoneum that attached the
lesser mobile solid visera to
the abdominal wall
Ligaments of liver
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Falciform ligament of liver
镰状韧带
 Consists of double peritoneal
layer
 Extends from anterior
abdominal wall (umbilicus) to
live
 Free border of ligament site of
ligamentum teres
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Coronary ligament
冠状韧带－the area between
upper and lower parts of the
coronary ligament is the
bare area of live, this area
is devoid of peritoneum and
lies in contract with the
diaphragm
Left and right triangular
ligaments 左、右三角韧带－
formed by right extremity of
coronary ligament and left
leaf of falciform ligament,
respectively
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Hepatogastric ligament
肝胃韧带
Hepatoduodenal ligament
肝十二指肠韧带
Ligamentum teres hepatis
肝圆韧带
Ligaments of spleen
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Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带－a double layer of peritoneum that
connects the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen. In this double
layer of peritoneum are the short gastric and left gastroepiploic
vessels
Splenorenal ligament 脾肾韧带－extends between the hilum of
spleen and anterior aspect of left kidney. The splenic vessels lies
within this ligament, as well as the tail of pancreas
Phrenicosplenic ligament 膈脾韧带
Splenocolic ligament 脾结肠韧带
Ligaments of stomach
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Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带
Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带
Gastrophrenic ligament 胃膈韧带
Gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带
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Gastropancrestic ligament 胃胰韧带
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Folds and recesses of posterior abdominal
wall
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Superior duodenal
fold and recess
十二指肠上襞和上隐窝
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Inferior duodenal fold
and recess
十二指肠下襞和下隐窝
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Intersigmoid recess
乙状结肠间隐窝－formed
by the inverted V
attachment of sigmoid
mesocolon
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Retrocecal recess
盲肠后隐窝－in which the
appendix frequenty lies
Hepatorenal recess
肝肾隐窝－lies between
the right lobe of liver,
right kidney, and right
colic flexure, and is the
lowest parts of the
peritoneal cavity when
the subject is supine
Folds and fossas of anterior abdominal wall
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Medial umbilical fold 脐正中
襞－contain the remnant of
urachus (median umbilical
ligaments)
Medial umbilical fold 脐内侧
襞－contains remnants of the
umbilical arteries (medial
umbilical ligaments)
Lateral umbilical fold 脐外侧
襞－contains the inferior
epigastric vessels
Supravesical fossa 膀胱上窝
Medial inguinal fossa
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Lateral inguinal fossa
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腹股沟内侧窝
腹股沟外侧窝
Pouches
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In male－rectovesical
pouch 直肠膀胱陷窝
In female
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Rectouterine pouch
直肠子宫陷窝－between
rectum and uterus
Vesicouterine pouch
膀胱子宫陷窝－between
bladder and uterus
Peritoneal subdivisions
The transverse colon and transverse
mesocolon divides the greater sac
into supracolic and infracolic
compartments.
Supracolic
compartments 结肠上区
(subphrenic space)－lies between
diaphragm and transverse colon
and transverse mesocolon
Suprahepatic recess 肝上间隙
lies between the diaphragm and
live－the falciform ligament divides
it into right and left suprahepatic
recesses
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Left suprahepatic
recesses 左肝上间隙
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left anterior suprahepatic
spaces
left posterior
suprahepatic spaces
Right suprahepatic
recesses 右肝上间隙
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right anterior
suprahepatic spaces
right posterior
suprahepatic spaces
bare area of live
(extraperitoneal space)
Infrahepatic recess 肝下间隙
lies between the live and
transverse colon and
transverse mesocolon－the
ligamentum teres hepatic
divides it into right and left
infrahepatic recesses
 Right infrahepatic
recesses 右肝下间隙
(hepatorenal recess)
 Left infrahepatic recesses
左肝下间隙
 left anterior infrahepatic space
 left posterior infrahepatic space
Infracolic compartments
结肠下区 －lies below the
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transverse colon and transverse
mesocolon
Right paracolic sulcus (gutter)
右结肠旁沟－lies lateral to the
ascending colon. It communicates
with the hepatorenal recess and the
pelvic cavity. It provides a route for
the spread of infection between the
pelvic and the upper abdominal
region.
Left paracolic sulcus (gutter)
左结肠旁沟 －lies lateral to the
descending colon. It is separated
from the area around the spleen by
the phrenicocolic ligament, a fold of
peritoneum that passes from the
colic flexure to the diaphragm.
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Right mesenteric sinus
右肠系膜窦－triangular space, lies
between root of mesentery,
ascending colon, right 2/3 of
transverse colon and transverse
mesocolon
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Left mesenteric sinus
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左肠系膜窦－lies between root of
mesentery, descending colon, right
1/3 of transverse colon and
transverse mesocolon, its widens
below where it is continuous with the
cavity of the pelvis
上下流通，左沟不畅，右窦封闭，左
入盆腔。