UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME
Chapter 5 – Greece
Chapter 6 – Rome
500 B.C.– A.D. 500
SECTION 1
The Roman Republic
The Roman Empire
SECTION 4
The Fall of the Roman Empire
SECTION 5
Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Analyze the impact of Ancient Rome
and how it continues to impact our lives today.
• Objective 1.6: Describe the major events, cultural
characteristics, and individuals in the Pax Romana
empire.
The Roman culture will have a significant
impact and influence on many other world cultures.
CHAPTER 6 SECTION 2
The creation of the Roman Empire transforms
Roman government, society, economy, and
culture
THE REPUBLIC
COLLAPSES
• Economic Turmoil
• Gap between rich and poor widens as Roman Republic grows
• Farmers, former soldiers, lose to large estates; become
homeless
• Two tribunes, Tiberius and Gaius, try to help poor, are murdered
• Civil war — conflict between groups within same country begins
• Military Upheaval
• Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal
• Soldiers recruited from poor; show loyalty only to their generals
 Consuls
- Two consuls
were elected by
the assembly
- Served 1 year
- One led the
govt and the
other led the
military
 Military leader
Julius Caesar
elected consul
in 59 B.C.
Caesar,
Crassus, Pompey
form 1st
triumvirate — a
group of three
rulers
They rule for 10
years
TRIUMVIRATE
Military victories in Gaul give Caesar
increasing popularity and power
• Pompey fears Caesar’s growing power
and challenges him
• In 50 B.C. senate orders Caesar to return
home, he returns with his army and
Pompey flees
• Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies in
Greece, Asia, Spain, Egypt
Caesar is named dictator for life in 44
B.C.
 Caesar Achievements:
 Granted more citizenship
 increased pay for soldiers
 Created new jobs with public workds
• Caesar was
assassinated on the
Ides of March (March
15th) in 44 BC
• Murdered by his
friend Brutus and
other senators
• They opposed to
Caesar’s dictatorship
& wanted Rome to
return to being a
republic.
THE DEATH OF JULIUS CAESAR
• The Assassination of Caesar
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ieOLO33KFA
• Caesar Coroner’s Report
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvt3wU-G32M
2nd TRIUMVIRATE
• Civil war broke out again in Rome after Caesar’s
death.
• Caesar’s supporters win the struggle over his killers.
• 43 B.C., Caesar’s supporters take control; become
Second Triumvirate
• Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus alliance ends in
jealousy, violence
• Two of them took control of the empire, Octavian in
the west and Antony in the east.
CLEOPATRA
During a trip to Egypt, Julius Caesar
had fallen in love with Cleopatra,
the young queen of Egypt.
• Caesar took her with him to Rome
where they had a child.
• After Caesar’s death, Cleopatra
returned to Egypt.
Mark Antony too fell in love with
Cleopatra and stayed with her in
Egypt.
• In Rome, Octavian declared war on
Antony and Cleopatra
• In 31 B.C., Mark Antony and
Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at
Actium
• Antony and Cleopatra committed
suicide.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B
2MP3BCLnNk
OCTAVIAN
• This ended the 3,000-year reign of
the pharaohs.
• Octavian accepts title of Augustus,
“exalted one,” and rules Rome
• He also kept the title of imperator,
“supreme military commander”
• This is where the word “emperor” is
derived from
PAX ROMANA
• A Sound Government
• Augustus was Rome’s ablest ruler, creates lasting system of
government
 glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings
 sets up a civil service to control the empire
• Pax Romana
• Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire
• Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler
• Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax
Romana
The Roman Empire was massive.
• At its height, the Roman Empire completely encircled the
Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Middle East to the British
Isles. The empire was over 1.7 million sq. miles in size
• Rome’s central location in the Mediterranean made it an ideal
location for building a large Mediterranean empire and international
trading network.
BUSINESS
• Agriculture and Trade
• Agriculture most important industry in empire; 90% of
Romans farm
• Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier
• Rome has vast trading network, includes China and India
• Slaves and Captivity
• Slavery is a significant part of Roman life
• Some slaves become gladiators; forced to fight to death
ENTERTAINMENT
• HISTORY CHANNEL – Deconstructing the
Colosseum
• http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/colosseum/videos/deconstructinghistory-colosseum
— Assessment
• Major Roman events were held in a large stadium known as
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forum
Coliseum
Parthenon
Nike Arena of Victory
• Which industry did Rome most rely on?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mining
Farming
Trading
Exploration
— Assessment
• Major Roman events were held in a large stadium known as
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Forum
Coliseum
Parthenon
Nike Arena of Victory
• Which industry did Rome most rely on?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mining
Farming
Trading
Exploration
CRASH COURSE
• THE ROMAN EMPIRE…OR REPUBLIC?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27gAu
p9U&index=10&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9