Citizenship in the World
A merit badge workshop
presented by
Constitution Week USA
www.ConstitutionWeek.com
German Citizenship
Rights
• Property
• Freedom of speech, with footnote against denial of
Nazi war crimes
• German Social Security System
o
unemployment, health, pension, sickness, carer's
insurance, maternity benefits, child allowances
German Citizenship
Duties
• Stay righteous
• Learn about the German Government and the
European Union
• Vote
German Citizenship
Obligations
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•
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Obey German laws
Obey European Union laws
Conscription
Pay taxes
Cuban Citizenship
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•
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Communist Government
Constitution of the Republic of Cuba
1992
Openly embraces socialism, communism,
Marxism, and Leninism
Cuban Citizenship
Rights
• No private property, except small farmers
• No private industry
• “The state organizes, directs and controls the economic
life of the nation”
• “Everyone has the right to health protection and care”
• “Citizens have freedom of speech and of the press in
keeping with the objectives of socialist society…. The law
regulated the exercise of those freedoms.”
Cuban Citizenship
Obligations
• Obey law
• “The law regulates the military service which
Cubans must do.”
• “Defense of the socialist homeland is the greatest
honor and the supreme duty of every Cuban
citizen.”
Cuban Citizenship
Duties
• “Work in a socialist society is a right and duty and
a source of pride for every citizen.”
• “Every worker has the duty to faithfully carry
tasks corresponding to him at his job.”
Contrast With U.S.
• Cuban Constitution of 1992
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“Citizens have freedom of speech and of the press in keeping
with the objectives of socialist society…. The law regulated the
exercise of those freedoms.”
• US Constitution, Ammendment 1
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“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a
redress of grievances.”
National Interest
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Security interests
Economic interests
Government philosophy
Morals
o
o
Religion
Charity
Current World Event
US and the War on Terror
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•
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•
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Relationship with other countries
Security interests
Economic interests
Government philosophy
Morals
o
o
Religion
Charity
Switzerland
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•
•
•
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Founded in 1291
Cold winters, cool summers
Tourists, ski resorts
Hydropower, timber, salt
Military guns at home (~ 1 in 3)
History of neutrality
Anonymous banking
Jungfrau
Pizbuin
International Law
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•
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Difficult to form
Difficult to enforce
Coordinates trade
Solve problems and resolve disputes
o
o
World Court
United Nations
International Law
Thomas Jefferson
• “Peace, commerce, and honest friendship
with all nations – entangling alliances with
none.”
United Nations
• save succeeding generations from the
scourge of war
• promote fundamental human rights
• promote international law
• promote social progress
The Scourge of War Since 1945
• 140 wars listed
• 32 wars in bold
• 44 civil wars not listed
The Scourge of War Since 1945
1945-1949 Indonesian National Revolution
1946-1954 First Indochina War
1947-1948 Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
1947-1949 First Arab-Israeli War
1950-1953 Korean War
1950-present (Ongoing)Chinese Invasion/ Occupation of Tibet
1952-1955 Tunisian War of Independence
1952-1960 Mau Mau Uprising
1954-1975 Second Indochina War
1959-1975 Vietnam War
1954-1962 Algerian War of Independence
1956-1957 Suez War (Second Arab-Israeli War)
1956 Hungarian Uprising
1956-1959 Cuban Revolution
1957-1958 Ifni War
1958 Lebanon Crisis of 1958
1960-1965 "Congo Crisis"
1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion
1961-1991 Eritrean War of Independence
1961-1974 Portuguese Colonial War
1961-1974 Angolan War of Independence
1963-1974 Guinea-Bissauan War of Independence
1964-1974 Mozambican War of Independence
1961 Invasion of Goa
1962 Sino-Indian War
1962 Indonesian Annexation of Western New Guinea
1962-1966 Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
1962-1975 Dhofar Rebellion
1963 Sand War
1963-1967 Shifta War
1964-Present Colombian Armed Conflict
1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1965-1989 South African Border War
1966-1988 Namibian War of Independence
1966-1979 Second Chimurenga(Rhodesian Bush War)
1967 Chola Incident
1967 Six-Day War (Third Arab-Israeli War)
1967-1989 Second Malayan Emergency
1967-Present Communist Insurgency in the Philippines
1968 Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia
The Scourge of War Since 1945
1968-1970 War of Attrition
1969-Present Islamic Insurgency in the Philippines
1969 Football War
1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict
1969-1994 The Troubles in Northern Ireland
1971 Bangladesh Liberation War
1971 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
1972 Libya-Sudan conflict
1973 Yom Kippur War (Fourth Arab-Israeli War)
1974 Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
1975-1991 Western Sahara conflict
1975-1978 Indonesian invasion of East Timor
1975-1998 East Timorese War of Independence
1975-2006 Independence War in Cabinda
1975-1989 Cambodian-Vietnamese War
1976-1983 Argentina's "Dirty War"
1977 Libyan-Egyptian War
1977-1978 Ogaden War
1978 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
1978-2005 The Aceh War
1978-1979 Uganda-Tanzania War
1978-1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict
1979 Sino-Vietnamese War
1979-1989 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War
1980-present (ongoing) Internal Conflict in Peru
1981 Paquisha War
1981-1986 Ugandan Bush War
1982 Falklands War
1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
1983 U.S. Invasion of Grenada
1984-present (ongoing) Kurdish insurgency in Turkey
1984-present (ongoing) Free Papua Movement
1984 Siachin War
1985 Agacher Strip War
1987-1993 First Intifada
1988-present (ongoing) Casamance Conflict
1986-1992 Somalian Revolution
1992-1994 Operation Restore Hope
1994-2006 War between Somali clans
The Scourge of War Since 1945
2006 Rise of the Islamic Courts Union
1988-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war
1989-1991 Mauritania-Senegal Border War
1989-1990 U.S. Invasion of Panama
1989 Romanian Revolution
1984-present (ongoing) Kashmir conflict
2006-present War in Somalia
2007-present Islamist insurgency in Somalia
1990-1991 Gulf War
1990-1998 Tuareg Rebellion
1991-2001 Yugoslav Wars
1991 Slovenian War
1991-1995 Croatian War of Independence
1992-1995 Bosnian War
1996-1999 Kosovo War
2000-2001 Preševo valley crisis
2001 Macedonia conflict
1991-1992 South Ossetian War
1992-1993 War in Abkhazia
1991-1992 Ossetian-Ingush conflict
1992 War of Transnistria
1992-present (ongoing) Conflict in the Niger Delta
1993-present (ongoing) Ethnic conflict in Nagaland, India
1993-present (ongoing) Brazilian gang violence
1994-1996 First Chechen War
1995 Hanish Islands Crisis
1995 1995 Iraqi Kurdistan War
1995 NATO bombing of Republika Srpska
1995 Cenepa War
1996-1997 First Congo War
1997 Unrest in Albania
1997 1997 Iraqi Kurdistan War
1998-2000 Ethiopia-Eritrea War
1998 U.S. bombings of Afghanistan and Sudan
1998 U.S. bombing of Iraq
1998-2003 Second Congo War
1999-2006 Ituri Conflict
1999 Kargil War
1999 Dagestan War
1999-present (ongoing) Second Chechen War
The Scourge of War Since 1945
2000-2006 Al-Aqsa Intifada
2000-present (ongoing) Conflict in Laos involving the Hmong
2001 Macedonia conflict
2001 Indo-Bangladesh Border Conflict of 2001
2001-present (ongoing) War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
2003-present (ongoing) Balochistan conflict, Pakistan
2003-present (ongoing) Central African War
2003-present (ongoing) Darfur conflict, Sudan
2005-present (ongoing) Chad-Sudan conflict
2003-present (ongoing) Iraq War
2004-present (ongoing) Waziristan War
2004 Haiti rebellion
2004-2007 Sa'dah conflict
2004-present (ongoing) South Thailand insurgency
2006-2006 Lebanon War
2006-present (ongoing) War in Somalia
2007-present Second Tuareg Rebellion
2007-present Ogaden conflict
2007 (ongoing) North Lebanon conflict
2008 Russia invades South Ossetia, Georgia
UN Human Rights Commission
Successes
• Highlights human-rights abuses around the
world.
• Applies pressure for reform.
UN Human Rights Commission
Failures
• Libya was elected to head the commission in 2003
• Sudan was elected to head the commission in 2004
• Some commission members have miserable
human-rights records: China, Cuba, Zimbabwe,
Russia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, Syria,
Libya, and Vietnam.
UN Humanitarian Assistance
Successes
• Works with other relief organizations, such as the
Red Cross
• Provides food, water, shelter to missions displaced
by war, famine, or natural disasters.
• World Food Program (serves 110 million people in
80 countries)
• High Commissioner for Refugees (projects 116
countries)
UN Humanitarian Assistance
Failures
• Oil-For-Food Program
World Court
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International Court of Justice
Primary judicial organ of the UN
15 judges elected to 9-year terms by the UN
No common moral foundation among
nations’ judges
World Organization of the
Scout Movement
• World Scout Jamboree
• Promote scouting world wide
• BP: "The roots of Scouting have grown among young
people of all civilised countries and are developing more
each day. It might be thought that if in years to come, a
considerable proportion of the future citizens of each
nation forms part of this brotherhood, they will be joined
by a bond of personal friendship and mutual
understanding such as has never existed before, which will
help to find a solution to terrible international conflicts."
International Committee of the
Red Cross
• Impartial, neutral, and independent
• Exclusively humanitarian
• Provide assistance to victims of war
Find: US, England, Cuba, Libya, and Germany
Passport & Visa
US Passports
Visa
The End