100
200
300
400
Ele500
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
Atoms and Subatomic Particles
Which subatomic particles are negatively charged?
Which two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
What does “amu” stand for?
Carbon 14 has an atomic mass of 14 amu. Carbon 12 has an atomic mass of
12 amu. If both atoms are neutral, what subatomic particle is present in
differing numbers between C-12 and C-14?
What is created when an atom of chlorine gains an electron and becomes an
atom of chloride?
Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen Bonding
What type of bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons?
Table salt is a combination of Na and Cl. An electron is completely
transferred from Na to Cl. What type of bond is formed to create table salt?
Of ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonding, which is strongest?
What type of bonding keeps two hydrogen atoms bound to an oxygen atom
to form water?
What sort of bond is created when two pairs of electrons are shared?
Water
What sort of bonding happens between molecules of water and accounts for
water’s unique properties?
There’s a saying in chemistry: Like dissolves like. What characteristic of
water molecules allows many polar substances to easily dissolve in water?
Which property of water allows water to move up a paper towel when one
edge of the paper towel gets wet?
Cotton and salt both exhibit this trait, as salt dissolves in water and cotton
absorbs water without being dissolved.
What’s unusually high what allows it to resist changes in temperatures?
Acids and Bases
What pH is considered neutral?
pH levels greater than 7.0 are considered what types of substances?
How many times more H+ are in grapefruit juice (pH 3.0) than black coffee
(5.0)?
How many times more OH- are in sea water (pH 8.0) than ammonia solution
(11.0)?
What sort of solution has a greater concentration of OH- than H+?
Experimental Design
The title of an experiment is: The color of hospital nurseries impacts the
amount of time newborn humans spend crying. What is the independent
variable?
The title of an experiment is: The color of hospital nurseries impacts the
amount of time newborn humans spend crying. What is the dependent
variable?
The title of an experiment is: The color of hospital nurseries impacts the
amount of time newborn humans spend crying. Name three things that
should be held constant (and could realistically be held constant) in this
experiment.
What is the maximum number of independent variables an experiment can
have?
On which axis of a graph will you usually find the independent variable?
Electrons
Protons and Neutrons
Atomic Mass Unit
Isotopes
Table Salt
Covalent
Ionic
Covalent
Covalent
Double Bond
Hydrogen
Water is polar
Adhesion
Hydrophilic
Specific Heat
7.0
Bases
100x
1000x
Basic
Color of the Nursery
Time newborns spend
crying
Age of babies, health
of babies, time of day,
noise level in nursery,
etc.
One
X axis
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
4500
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
Atoms and Subatomic Particles
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of the element?
How many neutrons must an atom of carbon have, if the atom has an atomic
mass of 13 amu?
What will the charge of a magnesium ion be if it becomes stable by filling
an outer ring in the easiest way possible for the atom?
Neon does not easily for ions. How many valence electrons must it have
when it is neutral?
How many electrons does it take to fill up the first and second energy shells,
respectively?
Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen Bonding
Which subatomic particles are involved in bonding?
Which bonds are formed by the complete transfer of an electron, resulting in
an attraction between oppositely charged atoms?
Of ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonding, which bonds are weakest?
How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of Carbon have?
Which type of bonds generally do not involve metals?
Water
Give the chemical formula for water.
A water molecule exhibits polarity. Which atom or atoms of a water
molecule accumulate electrons, generating a partial negative charge?
What property of water allows it (as a component of your blood) to move
through the smallest of capillaries?
What is the atomic mass of a typical water molecule? Round to the nearest
hundredth.
What word describes nonpolar compounds that do not dissolve in water and
do not absorb water?
Acids and Bases
Substances with a pH less than 7.0 are considered what?
The pH scale is logarithmic. This means there are _________ the number of
H+ or OH- ions between any two integers.
If a solution has a concentration of OH- greater than H+ ions, would the
solution be considered an acid, a base or neutral?
I mixed 10 mL liquid hydrochloric acid with 1 L distilled water. What is the
solute in this example?
What number on the pH scale will have the highest concentration of OHions?
Experimental Design
A colder winter results in fewer mosquitoes during the following summer.
What is the independent variable?
A colder winter results in fewer mosquitoes during the following summer.
What is the dependent variable?
A colder winter results in fewer mosquitoes during the following summer.
What things would be considered constants?
400
Give two qualitative observations about the weather today.
500
Give two quantitative observations about the weather today.
Proton
6
+2
8
2 and 8
Electrons
Ionic
Hydrogen
4
Covalent
H2O
Oxygen
Adhesion
18.01 amu
hydrophobic
Acidic
10 times
Basic
Hydrochloric acid
14
Temperature during
winter
Number of mosquitoes
Region, proximity of
water, use of
pesticides, etc.
It’s humid, it’s sunny,
it’s cloudy, there is
fog, etc
It’s 87 degrees F, the
humidity is 60%, etc.