CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
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CH. 5, GPS #5
SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and
key ideas that brought about the adoption and
implementation of the United States Constitution.
a. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation
and Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger
central government.
b. Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and
Federalists during the debate on ratification of the
Constitution as put forth in The Federalist concerning form
of government, factions, checks and balances, and the
power of the executive, including the roles of Alexander
Hamilton and James Madison.
 c. Explain the key features of the
Constitution, specifically the Great
Compromise, separation of powers, limited
government, and the issue of slavery.
 d. Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as
a protector of individual and states’ rights.
 e. Explain the importance of the
Presidencies of George Washington and
John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion,
non-intervention in Europe, and the
development of political parties (Alexander
Hamilton).
CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
 FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE UNITED
STATES
 The Founding Fathers of the United
States are the political leaders who signed
the Declaration of Independence or
otherwise participated in the American
Revolution as leaders of the Patriots, or
who participated in drafting the United
States Constitution eleven years later.
 55-74 Men from 12 colonies, not all present
at once at Constitutional Convention
CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
THE FOUNDING FATHERS
THE SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
THE CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
THE FOUNDING FATHERS
THE SIGNING OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
AFTER THE TREATY OF PARIS, 1783
 1.FOUNDING FATHERS CREATED A
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
 2.DEFINED: GOVT BY THE PEOPLE
WHERE PEOPLE CHOOSE ELECTED
REPRESENTATIVES (REPS)
CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
 3.1ST PLAN OF GOVT, USA
 4.ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION,
1781
 5.THE 1ST CONSTITUTION (PLAN OF
GOVT) OF THE USA
 6.AUTHOR, JOHN DICKINSON
CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES
 ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
 1.CONFEDERATION AN
ALLIANCE
 2. 2 LEVELS OF GOVT
SHARE POWER
 1)STATE GOVT
 2)NATIONAL GOVT
 3.STATE GOVTS HAD
MORE POWER
 JOHN DICKINSON
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
 1.WHY THE A OF C? AMERICANS
FEARED A POWERFUL NAT’L GOVT
 2.INDIVIDUAL STATES WERE MORE
POWERFUL THAN NAT’L GOVT.
 3.RESULT: CONFLICT BETWEEN
STATES
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION:
WEAKNESSES
 1.NO EXECUTIVE BRANCH TO ENFORCE
LAWS
 2.NO COURTS TO INTERPRET LAWS
 3.NO POWER TO TAX FOR INCOME
 4.NO POWER TO CONTROL TRADE
 5.EACH STATE, 1 VOTE; 9 OF 13 NEEDED
FOR NEW LAWS
 6.FOR AMENDMENTS (CHANGES) TO A OF
C, ALL STATES NEEDED TO APPROVE
IMPORTANT LAWS/EVENTS DURING ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
 1.LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785,
SURVEYING THE LAND
 2.NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787,
DIVIDING LAND INTO TERRITORIES
AND PREPS FOR NEW STATES
 3.SHAYS’S REBELLION, 1786-87
SHAYS’S REBELLION
 1.DANIEL SHAYS, MASSACHUSETTS
FARMER
 2.ALONG WITH SHAYS, MANY FARMERS
HAD DEBT AFTER AM. REV.
 3.SHAYS DEMANDED COURTS BE CLOSED
SO COURTS COULD NOT TAKE FARMS.
 4.SHAYS LED FARMERS IN A MOB TO
ATTACK GOVT MILITARY ARSENAL IN
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
 5.FARMERS’ PROTEST; THE MILITIA KILLED
SOME FARMERS…UNREST SPREAD
RESULTS OF SHAYS’S REBELLION
 1.AWARENESS OF WEAK A OF C (NO
POWER TO TAX TO REPAIR NATIONAL
ECONOMY, ETC.)
 2.UNREST IN USA AND FEAR OF
INCREASING UNREST
 3.DESIRE BY FOUNDING FATHERS TO
FORM STRONGER NATIONAL GOVT
 4.1787, CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION
IMPORTANT ISSUES OF
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
 1. PLAN OF GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL
LEGISLATURE (THE CONGRESS)
 2. SLAVERY
 3. GOVERNMENT DIVISIONS
CREATING A NEW GOVERNMENT AFTER THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, PHILADELPHIA, PA,
1787
 THE GREAT COMPROMISE
 1.SETTLED ISSUE OF
REPRESENTATION BY STATES IN THE
NEW GOVT
 2.ROGER SHERMAN, CONNECTICUT,
DEVELOPER
THE GREAT COMPROMISE
 1.BICAMERAL (2 CHAMBERS
{PARTS}) NAT’L LEGISLATURE, THE
CONGRESS
 1)HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
REPRESENTATION BASED ON
POPULATION OF STATES
 2)SENATE, EQUAL REPRESENTATION
FOR ALL STATES (2 FROM EACH)
UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM
GEORGIA
 SAXBY CHAMBLISS
 JOHNNY ISAKSON
UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE,
GEORGIA, DISTRICT 12
 JOHN BARROW
SLAVERY
 1.HUMAN BONDAGE, SERVITUDE
 2.DIVISIVE ISSUE IN ALL STATES
 3.SOUTHERN STATES DEPENDENT DUE TO
CASH CROPS
 4.THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE, STATES
COUNTED 3/5 OF STATES WHEN
DETERMINING REPRESENTATION, ALSO…
 1) CONTINUANCE OF SLAVE TRADE FOR 20
YEARS
 2) NORTHERN STATES HAD TO RETURN
RUNAWAY SLAVE TO OWNERS
GOVERNMENT DIVISIONS
 1.IDEAS OF CHARLES DE
MONTESQUIEU
 2.CREATION OF LIMITED
GOVERNMENT OF DIVIDED POWERS
 3.THE RIGHTS GUARANTEED TO U.S.
CITIZENS BY THE USC LIMITED
POWER OF GOVT.
DIVISION OF POWER IN THE NEW
GOVERNMENT
A. 2 METHODS OF DIVISION OF GOVT
POWER IN USA
1. NATIONAL GOVT AND STATE GOVT
(DEFINED: FEDERALISM, A SHARING OF
POWER)
2. 3 BRANCHES OF GOVT
1)LEGISLATIVE (MAKES LAWS)
2)EXECUTIVE (CARRIES OUT LAWS)
3)JUDICIAL (INTERPRETS LAWS)
GOVT. POWER SAFEGUARDS
 1. SEPARATION OF POWERS
 2. CHECKS AND BALANCES, EACH
BRANCH CAN CHECK AND BALANCE
THE POWER OF OTHER BRANCES.
 3. WHAT ARE EXAMPLES?
RESULTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION
 1. THE DRAFT OF THE USC
 2. NEXT STEP: SENT TO THE U.S.
CONGRESS WHICH SENT IT TO THE
STATES FOR APPROVAL
 3. RATIFICATION (APPROVAL)
PROCESS
RATIFICATION OF THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION
 1. 2 MAIN GROUPS INVOLVED
 1)ANTI-FEDERALISTS (AGAINST
APPROVAL)
 2)FEDERALISTS (FOR APPROVAL)
ANTI-FEDERALIST V. FEDERALIST
AND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
 ANIT-FEDERALISTS
 OPPOSED STRONG,
BALANCE CENTRAL
GOVT
 FEARED ABUSE OF
POWER BY GOVT
 LACKED PROTECTION
FOR INDIVIDUAL
RIGHTS
 FAVORED MORE
STATES’ RIGHTS
 FEDERALISTS
 FAVORED
BALANCED POWER
BETWEEN STATE
AND NAT’L GOVT
 CHECKS/BALANCES
AND DIV. OF POWER
WOULD PROTECT
CITIZENS
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
PATRICK HENRY
SAMUEL ADAMS
RICHARD HENRY
LEE
 THOMAS
JEFFERSON
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 FEDERALISTS
 GEORGE
WASHINGTON
 JAMES MADISON
 ALEXANDER
HAMILTON
 JOHN ADAMS
 JOHN JAY
THE FEDERALIST PAPERS
 The Federalist
Papers are a series of
85 articles advocating
the ratification of the
United States
Constitution.
 Alexander Hamilton 51
articles
 James Madison 29
articles
 John Jay 5 articles
LETTERS FROM THE FEDERAL
FARMER
 AUTHOR, RICHARD HENRY LEE
 ANTI-FEDERALIST PUBLICATION
THE BILL OF RIGHTS LEADS TO
RATIFICATION
 The Bill of Rights - First ten
amendments to the U.S.Con.
 introduced by James Madison to the
First United States Congress in
1789 as a series of constitutional
amendments
 Thomas Jefferson was the main
proponent of the Bill of Rights.
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
 1. TO OVERCOME ANTI-FED ARGUMENT THAT THE
USC FAILED TO INCLUDE A STATEMENT OF STATES’
RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, JAMES MADISON
CREATED THE BILL OF RIGHTS.
 2. THE BILL OF RIGHTS WAS ADDED AFTER THE USC
WAS RATIFIED.
 3. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS, THE BILL OF RIGHTS,
AND FEDERALISTS’ EFFORTS CONVINCED VOTERS TO
SUPPORT USC.
 4. AMENDMENTS 1-8, PERSONAL LIBERTIES
REQUESTED BY THE STATES
 5. AMENDMENTS 9, 10, LIMITS ON POWERS OF FED
GOVT
 6.NATIVE AMERICANS, SLAVES, AND WOMEN WERE
NOT INCLUDED.