Digestive System
In Class Notes:
Functions
• The digestive system breaks down food
for nutrients and energy.
• The food is taken through the mouth and
then is broken down into small molecules
that are converted to energy.
Four Stages of Food Processing
• Ingestion-Act of eating or drinking
• Digestion-Process of breaking food down
into molecules small enough for the body
to absorb.
• Absorption-Cells take up the small
molecules.
• Elimination-Undigested material passes
out of the body as waste.
Two Types of Digestion
• Mechanical Digestion-Chewing that chops
and grinds food into small pieces.
• Chemical Digestion-Breaks the chemical
bonds of large molecules that make up
food.
Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth: Were digestive system starts
Throat: passageway that connects the
mouth and the esophagus
Esophagus: food passes through it to get to
the stomach
Stomach: Breaks down food into nutrients
Small Intestine: help absorb the nutrients
from the 'food' into the bloodstream
Organs Continued
Large Intestine: absorb the remaining water
from indigestible food matter
Rectum: temporary storage facility for feces
(waste)
Anus: Feces (non-liquid waste products) are
expelled from the body through the anus
Pictures
• Ingestion - teeth, tongue, saliva, esophagus
(with the help of peristalsis)
• Digestion - stomach, liver, pancreas,
gallbladder
• Absorption - small/large intestines
• Elimination - rectum, anus,
Nutrition: (29.3)
•
Carbohydrates
–
•
Water
–
•
Used in cellular respiration for breaking bonds in sugars
Lipids
–
•
Surgars for energy, used by body often
Stores more energy than Carbs or proteins. Used by body less often however
Vitamins
–
Organic molecules used by body paired with enzymes to carry out functions such as
growth, repairs, ect…
–
–
•
Minerals
–
Elements that the body requires in inorganic forms
•
•
Used in small amounts, like vitamins
Proteins/ amino acids
–
–
Proteins make structure such as hair, make up muscle fibers, and are used for nutrient
storage
8 essential amino acids
•
Amino acids required for protein production
–
•
Fat soluble
» Stored by the body
Water soluble
» Cannot be stored by body
Body cant store excess amino acids
Fibers
–
Indigestible
•
used for poop
Diagram:
• Here are all the parts:
Parts you should know:
LITTLE BOOKS
COLIC
WHEN AN INFANT HAS UNCONTROLLABLE CRYING DUE TO STOMACH DISCOMFORT
MANY INFANTS GO THROUGH IRT, BUT IT IS ONLY TEMPORARY
HERNIA
RIPPED TISSUE OFTEN DUE TO HEAVY LIFTING
BULGE OR LUMP IN ABDOMEN AREA
ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
FEVER, FATIGUE, NAUSEA AND LIVER PROBLEMS
DUE TO ALCOHOL ABUSE
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
WHEN THE BODY DOESN’T PRODUCE LACTATE(THAT BREAKS DOWN LACTOSE)
IT CAUSES NAUSEA, CRAMPS, HEARTBURN, VOMITING AND GENERAL STOMACH
DISCOMFORT
ACID REFLUX/ GERD
ACIDIC STOMACH JUICES FLOW BACK INTO ESOPHAGUS
CAUSES IMMFLAMATION IN THE ESOPHAGUS
ROTAVIRUS
A VIRUS THAT CAUSES VOMITING, WATERY DIARRHEA, FEVER, DEHYDRATION
PREVENTED BY WASHING YOUR HANDS
• Malnutrition- a diet lacking in one or more
essential nutrients
• Undernutrition- deficient in Calories
• Obesity- seriously overweight
• Anorexia- disorder involving self-starvation
• Bulimia- disorder involving bingeing and
purging
• Bingeing without purging is not a good
idea, either.
Function: (29.1)
• Function of the digestive system
• 4 stages of food processing (describe
each)
• 2 types of digestion
– Give examples of each
Vocabulary:
• Bolus- a chewed clump of food that is pushed down the
throat
• Peristalsis- a series of muscle contractions when food is
pushed down the esophagus
• Constipation-a condition of the bowels in which the feces
are dry and hardened and evacuation is difficult and
infrequent
• Diarrhea- an intestinal disorder characterized by
abnormal frequency and fluidity of fecal evacuations
Vocabulary:
• Nutrition- process of how your body obtains raw
materials from food
• Ingestion- the act of eating food or drinking; the first
stage of food processing
• Absorption- uptake of small nutrient molecules; third
stage of food processing
• Elimination- passage of undigested material from the
digestive tract; fourth stage of food processing
Vocabulary:
• Feces- undigested food material and other food products
• Chyme- liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids release
from the stomach into the small intestine
• Saliva- liquid secreted into the mouth that contains
mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical
digestion
• Villus- fingerlike projections of the inner surface if the
small intestine that functions in absorbing materials
Vocabulary: [pictures]