Welcome to
Advanced Physiology of Animals
ANSC 3405
Dr. John McGlone
and others
Lectures: Tue-Thur 12:30-1:50 pm
Labs: Mon 3:00-5:50 pm
Today’s Outline
I.
Introductions
A.
II.
Instructors, students and pictures
Syllabus
A.
B.
Class format (lectures and lab)
Advice on preparing for class
III. Lecture
A.
B.
C.
Principles of physiology
Homeostasis
Body size
Introductions
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Dr. John McGlone
Dr. Mhairi Sutherland
Lindsey Hulbert, graduate student
Students
– Name
– Where you are from
– Major
– Career Goals
– Student pictures
Syllabus
• Objectives
– Overview of animal physiology
• history, complexity and integration of animal
physiology research
• Pre requirements
– Ansc 2202 (Anatomy) or equivalent
– > 3.0 GPA
Syllabus
• Lecture format and materials
– Lectures, reading and research
assignments, handouts, homework,
quizzes and exams
Class Website:
http://www.depts.ttu.edu/porkindustryinstit
ute/Advanced%20Physiology/Advanced_P
hysiology.htm
Print lectures prior to class for note taking
Syllabus
• Textbook
– Most of the book will
be covered
• Lab notebook
– With duplicate carbon
pages to turn in
Syllabus
• Grading Procedures:
• Normal grading scale (90% = A, etc.)
• Source of points
Hour exams (3)
300 (37.5%)
Quizzes, homework, projects
100 (12.5%)
Final exam (comprehensive)
200 (25%)
Laboratory
200 (25%)
----------------Total
800 (100%)
Syllabus
• Exams and quizzes/assignments
– 3 Exams on previous material
– Final exam comprehensive
– Assignments must be turn in on time
• 25% loss of points per late day
– Missed quizzes can only be made up with excused
absences
• Attendance
– Mandatory for laboratory
– Lecture: 2 excused absences, 20 point loss for
each class missed unexcused
– If you will be missing more than 3 lectures, then
you may need to reconsider taking this course
Syllabus
• Laboratory
– Physiology/surgery laboratories
– Animal care and experiments outside of
class
– Laboratory write-ups and research
• Assignment (Towards the end of the year) of a
topic to present
• All laboratories will need to be written up
(instructions and questions will be provided)
Advanced Physiology of
Animals
ANSC 3405
Lecture 1
Major Branches of Physiology
and Medicine
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Cardiovascular
Renal
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Neuroscience
Endocrinology
Reproductive
Orthopedic (Bone and Muscle)
Major Branches of Physiology
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Comparative Physiology
Environmental Physiology
Evolutionary Physiology
Developmental Physiology
Cell Physiology/Biology
Biological function at each level
of organization
Organism Organ system Organ and Cellular Macromolecular
level
level
level
Tissue levels level
0.2 mm
20 µm
2 µm
200 nm
Cells
2 nm
0.2 nm
Molecules
Organelles
(See Figure 1.1 page 6 in text)
20 nm
Molecular
level
Atoms
Physiology is an
Integrating Science
• How did a system evolve?
• What were the survival advantages for this
feature?
• How does ontogeny reflect evolution?
“Ontogeny recapitulates
phylogeny”
Brief History of Physiology
• Socrates
384 B.C. • Aristotle
470 B.C.
A.D.
1500
• Galileo (1568-1657)
• Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)
1600
• Microscopic biology/physiology
1700
– Antoine Lavoiser (1578-1657)
– Chemistry & metabolism: oxygen
consumption
• William Harvey (1578-1657)
Brief History of Physiology
1800
1900
2000
• The rapid expansion of our modern
knowledge in physiology began in
the late 1800s
• 1920-1950s Phase of classic
physiology research
• 1950-1980 Phase of biochemical
discoveries: DNA, Enzymes,
Receptors, Hormones, etc.
• 1980-present Transgenics, cloning,
knock-outs, xenotransplantation,
and much more.
Homeostasis
•The tendency of organisms to regulate
and maintain relative internal stability
• Claude Bernard (1872)
– The milieu interieur
– “Constancy of the internal
environment is the
condition of life”
• Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945)
– Sympathetic “flight or fight”
response
“Homeostasis”
Feedback and Control
• Negative feedback systems and loops
• Positive feedback systems and loops
• Conformers and regulators
Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
Disturbance
Controlled Output
System
(Read page 11 in text)
Sensor
Error
Signal
Inverting
Amplifier
Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
Disturbance
+
Controlled Output
System
Sensor
Error
Signal
Amplifier
Units of Measure
• Metric System in Science
– Liquid- Liter, L
– Solid- Grams, g
– Length- Meters, m
– Molecule concentrationmoles
1012
109
106
103
10
10
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deka
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico
Femto
atto
T
G
M
k
h
da
D
c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
Converting Units
• Conversion of units is very
important in any field
1 cc = 1mL
5 mL = 1 tsp
1 kg = 2.2 lb=35.3 oz
1 m = 39.37 in=3.28 ft
1m2 = 10.76 ft2
2.24cm = 1in
3.28 ft = 1m
http://www.onlineconversion.com/
Size, volume and mass
• Smaller ‘bodies’ have more mass per unit of surface
area
•Smaller ‘bodies’
exchange heat more
with the environment
than larger ones
•This concept works
for cells as well as
animals and objects
Size, volume and mass
100
90
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
Body wt, kg
97
91
85
79
73
67
61
55
49
43
37
31
25
19
13
7
0
1
BMR
70
Surface Area Calculations
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Area, m2 = 0.1 wt0.667 (wt, in kg)
Calculate surface area for:
1000, 30 g mice = ?
1, 30 kg pig = ?