Welcome
to Physics for
Prospective Middle School
Teachers
Professor Richard Heckathorn
Prof H
4
Evaluation
Attendance 15%
In Class Participation 45%
Homework 35% Miscellaneous 5%
An activity course
Extenuating Circumstances
let me know
What to do if miss class?
7
Who is your instructor?
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/
or
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/
Google “Heck’s Physics”
Go there
What else you’d like to know
8
Physics Web Site
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/
9
Who are you?
Name
High School - Location
Year in College
Changing Careers?
Other
11
Homework Assignment
Asking for you to explore the site.
Obtain on Blackboard
Submit by Blackboard
Due by 10 pm Wednesday
12
Manual
Source of Materials
OCR’D
DVD provided at end of Course
Page 4-5 – Planning Guide
Page 6-9 Matrix Planning
Equipment List – Handout
Page 11 – Unit Planning Guide
14
Introduction to the Manual
What is a Naïve Idea
Page 14-15 ____F
Page 17 2A2 Why this system?
Page 18 2A2TN
15
Units To Cover
Forces and Motion
Electricity
Magnetism
(have printed for you)
16
Additional Units
Behavior of Light - Color and Vision
Sound - Simple Machines
Forces and Fluids
Heat - Energy
Measurement
Astronomy
(available on instructors website)
17
In Class Activities
First Focus - Teacher or Student?
Will do many investigations - S
Will explore purpose of inv. - T
Will talk about equipment - T
Discuss - T
18
Portfolio
Develop portfolio
of all materials
You will receive a DVD
of submitted materials
plus all unit materials
plus . . .
19
What would you like to know about . . .
20
That’s all for Introduction
21
Daily Info Activities
For
Forces and Motion
Created for B-W
Middle School Physics Course
By
Dick Heckathorn
9 Jan 2K + 12
22
Forces and Motion
Created for BW Physics
by
Dick Heckathorn
10 Jan 2K + 12
23
24
2012 FORCE & MOTION
1A1F13
2A1F15
2A2 17
1B1 21
1B2 23
1B3 19
2A1F15
2A2 17
2B1 25
PLANNING GUIDE
Focus on Physics: Space Read
Time Read
Why and How Do Humans Tell Time (Read)
Where Is It? Prepare before class then do in
class
Lab
The Treasure Hunt Read Discuss in class
Lab
The Traveling Washer Do before class then
discuss in class
Lab
Focus on Physics: Time Read
Disc.
Why and How Humans Tell Time Homework
Lab
Measuring Time with a Pendulum Not Do Lab
25
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
3A1 31 Finding Average Speed Do in class (groups of 3)
Lab
3A2 35 Predicting an Unknown Position Do in class
(groups of 3) Lab
3A3 37 Predicting an Unknown Time Do in class (groups
of 3)
Lab
3A4 39 Can You Walk at a Constant Speed? Maybe in
class
Lab
3A5 41 How Fast Can You Run? Optional Homework
Lab
3A6D
43 How Fast Is It? Homework Can You Find
Anything on the Web? Report if do.
Disc.
26
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
3B1 45 Velocity Isn't Speed Do before class then
discuss in class
Lab
3B2 49 Walking Around a Square Lab Do before class
then discuss in class Lab
3C1D 53 Interstate Highway Story Read before Class then
discuss in class
Disc.
3C2D 55 Speed and Velocity Read before Class then
discuss in class
Disc.
3B1A 47 Block Walk Do in class
Lab
3C3 59 Speeding Up Not do Lab
4A1 65 Rolling on an Inclined Plane Do in class Lab.
4A2D 69 Speeding Up and Slowing Down Do before class
then discuss in class Disc.
27
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
1A1F48 Zip Lock Accelerometer Make in class
Lab
4A3 71 Classifying Motion Do in class
Lab
4B1 77 Acceleration in Circular Motion Do in class
Lab
4B2 81 Acceleration When Speed and Direction Change
Do in class
Lab
4C1F 85 Focus on Physics: Acceleration Units and Their
Meaning Read Disc.
5A1F 88 Motion and Force Read
Disc
2B2TN27 Making a Low Friction Balloon Air Puck From a CD
Discuss in Class Lab
5A2 89 The Coin and The Glass Homework
Lab
28
2012 FORCE & MOTION
1A1F13
2A1F15
2A2 17
1B1 21
1B2 23
1B3 19
2A1F15
2A2 17
2B1 25
PLANNING GUIDE
Focus on Physics: Space Read
Time Read
Why and How Do Humans Tell Time (Read)
Where Is It? Prepare before class then do in
class
Lab
The Treasure Hunt Read Discuss in class
Lab
The Traveling Washer Do before class then
discuss in class
Lab
Focus on Physics: Time Read
Disc.
Why and How Humans Tell Time Homework
Lab
Measuring Time with a Pendulum Not Do Lab
29
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
3B2 49 Walking Around a Square Lab Do before class
then discuss in class Lab
3C1D 53 Interstate Highway Story Read before Class then
discuss in class
Disc.
3C2D 55 Speed and Velocity Read before Class then
discuss in class
Disc.
3B1A47 Block Walk Do in class
Lab
3C3 59 Speeding Up Not do Lab
4A1 65 Rolling on an Inclined Plane Do in class Lab.
4A2D 69 Speeding Up and Slowing Down Do before class
then discuss in class Disc.
48 Zip Lock Accelerometer Make in class
Lab
30
2012 FORCE & MOTION
1A1F13
2A1F15
2A2 17
1B1 21
1B2 23
1B3 19
2A1F15
2A2 17
2B1 25
PLANNING GUIDE
Focus on Physics: Space Read
Time Read
Why and How Do Humans Tell Time (Read)
Where Is It? Prepare before class then do in
class
Lab
The Treasure Hunt Read Discuss in class
Lab
The Traveling Washer Do before class then
discuss in class
Lab
Focus on Physics: Time Read
Disc.
Why and How Humans Tell Time Homework
Lab
Measuring Time with a Pendulum Not Do Lab
31
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
4A3 71 Classifying Motion Do in class
Lab
4B1 77 Acceleration in Circular Motion Do in class
Lab
4B2 81 Acceleration When Speed and Direction Change
Do in class
Lab
4C1F
85 Focus on Physics: Acceleration Units and Their
Meaning Read Disc.
5A1F 88 Motion and Force Read
Disc
2B2TN 27
Making a Low Friction Balloon Air Puck From a
CD Discuss in Class Lab
5A2 89 The Coin and The Glass Homework
Lab
5B1 91 Inertia Homework
Lab
32
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
5B2F93 Inertia-Newton's First Law of Motion Do before
class then discuss in class Disc
5B3 95 Riding on Air Maybe Lab
6A1 99 Finding the Forces Homework Power Point will be
available for checking Lab
6A2 111 Elasticity Not do
Lab
6A3D115 The Undercover Scale Do in class Disc
6B1 117 Balanced Vertical Forces Do in class
Lab
6B2 119 Balanced Horizontal Forces Do in class Lab
6C1 121 How Strong Is Friction? Do in class with previous
Lab
33
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
6C2 123 What Happens to the Speed of a Marble? Not do
Lab
6C3 125 How Can You Reduce Frictional Force?
Homework
Lab
6C4D 127 What is Frictional Force? Read Disc
6C5D129 Why Do You Oil Machines Read
Disc
6C6D131 Why Use Wheels? Read
Disc
7A1F135 Force and Acceleration Read
Disc
7A2 137 Acceleration is Proportional to Net Force Do in
class
Lab
7A3D141 Paper and Book Drop and Zoop Tube Do in class
Disc
7A4D143 The Falling Cup Do in class Disc
34
2012 FORCE & MOTION
7B1 145
7B2D147
7B3 149
7B4 151
7B5D153
8A1F157
8B1D159
8B2D163
8B3D167
PLANNING GUIDE
Forces on a Rope Do in class
Disc
A Circle of People Not do
Disc
Dead man's Curve Do in class
Lab
The Spinning Stopper Not doDisc
Centripetal Force and Circular Motion Read
Disc
Types of Force Read Disc
Who Exerts the Greater Force? Demo: Springs in
Pipe
Disc
Are Forces Equal in a Collision?
Disc
Which Magnet Pushes Harder?
Lab
35
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
181 Appendix 1 Acceleration Activities plus a test
191 Appendix 2 Low Friction/Large Capacity Platform
192 Appendix 3 The Hoovercraft or Floating with
Newton
195 Appendix 4 The Human Air Puck (Article from the
Physics Teacher)
36
2012 FORCE & MOTION
PLANNING GUIDE
181 Appendix 1 Acceleration Activities plus a test
191 Appendix 2 Low Friction/Large Capacity Platform
192 Appendix 3 The Hoovercraft or Floating with
Newton
195 Appendix 4 The Human Air Puck (Article from the
Physics Teacher)
37
Rationale
Why teach Forces and Motion first?
Pretest: Forces and Motion
Assignment in class or on Blackboard
Assignment for Next Class – My Web Site
On 4:30 pm today – Off 10:00 pm tomorrow
38
Miscellaneous
- Do you have a TI 83, 84 calculator?
if yes, bring it to class and download a
stopwatch program from instructor
39
Day 2 Jan 12
40
Comments Before Day 2
New Student - Tony Passalacqua
I’m impressed
.
41
Comments Before Day 2
Comments on Pre-Test Scores
25
21
20 20 20 20
19
18 18
17 17 17
15 15 14
42
Comments Before Day 2
New Student Assignment 3
- All but 1 submitted on time.
- Some not up to standards
- Can resubmit for re-evaluation by 10 pm
Monday
- Do not change file name or extension
43
Comments Before Day 2
Assignment 3 – Reflections
- Extensive experience, should know how to teach
??
- PP – dream, introduce problem solving
- Study Helps
- warning, a virus??
- first 3 for earlier students, test taking liked
- valuable
- Other comments?
44
Homework
1. 4 NSTA web site
(National Science Teachers Association)
One of the three per next three weeks
5 Science and Children Magazine
6 Science Teacher Magazine
7 NSTA Reports Newspaper
45
46
So Let’s Begin
- Page 11 – Unit 1
- Summary - Naïve Ideas - Activity Titles
1A1F (13) – Homework - Read
2A1F (15) – Homework – Read
2A2 (17) – Homework – Do
2A2TN (18) – TN stands for _____
47
1B3 p 19
The Traveling Washer
Do in class or homework
- Handout: metric graph paper
- Do you have a metric ruler?
- Could you use the graph paper program?
48
1B3 p 19 Traveling Washer
A. 2 cm N
B. 5 cm E
C. 5 cm N
D. 3 cm W
E. 4 cm N
F. 6 cm E
G. 3 cm S
Total Distance
Finish
28 cm
Start to Finish
11.3 cm
45o
Start
Displacement 11.3 cm at angle of E 45o N
Displacement components are 8 cm E 8 cm N
49
1A1F Space (13)
1. List as many ways as you can to
identify a specific location on the
surface of the earth?
2. Anything change to locate a specific
location in space.
3. Any thing else needed to locate an
object in space?
50
2A1F Time (15)
1. What is the purpose of time?
2. What is needed for a device to measure
time?
2. How was time first measured?
human pulse
pendulum
photos
water clock
51
2A2 Why-How Humans Tell Time
1.What do you use to tell time?
2.Why do you need to tell time?
3.If you were in a race, would you prefer to
have the timer measure your time
by’-counting 1001, 1002, etc. or by using a
stopwatch? Explain your answer.
52
2A2 Why-How Humans Tell Time
4.List times that are important in your life.
Classify each of these answers as an
instant in time or a time interval.
5.Interview other students and list times that
are important in their lives.
Classify each of these answers as an
instant in time or a time interval.
53
2A2 Why-How Humans Tell Time
6.List several events that take a long time to
happen. Arrange these events in order
from shortest time to longest time.
7.List several events that require only a
short time to occur. Arrange these events
in order from longest time to shortest time.
54
1B2 p 23
The Treasure Hunt
Handout Cards
Start in Doorway
North is….
When return, Prepare for 1B1 page 21
56
When You Return
Prepare for 1B1 page 21
57
Floor 1
58
Floor 2
59
1B1 Where is it? p 21
How do we locate an object in 3-D space?
Step 1
Write directions from the door
to an object in the room
Step 2
Have blindfolded person follow written
direction read by person not writing it.
60
Pop-Top for Bottles
Need them for future activity.
61
Activity Preparation for Tuesday
1. Prepare for following investigations
3A1 (31) Finding Average Speed
3A2 (35) Predicting Unknown Position
3A3 (37) Predicting an Unknown Time
3A4 (39) Can You Walk with Constant
Speed?
62
Day 3 Jan 17
63
We teach nothing. We do not teach a subject nor
do we teach students. What we do if we are
successful, is to stir interest in the matter at hand,
awaken enthusiasm for it, arouse a curiosity,
kindle a feeling, fire up the imagination and now he
who is exposed in this fashion goes on his own to
learn it.
The teacher communicates too much fact and
the student ingests too much. The teacher tells
him what he should know; this he acquires
transiently and superficially, and to the degree he
regurgitates it is his success measured. And his
brain has hardly been touched.
Notes from Julius Sumner Miller
64
Assignment Comments
1. Most – well done
2. Some not doing???
Check syllabus for grading scheme?
Check Blackboard for your grade
Attendance, Participation (End every 4 days)
3. Does one change file name?
Any wrong comments?
4. Does one change size type, magnify?
5. You have option to do so but?
65
Assignment Comments
NSTA Site
1. Purchasing books
2. Science Links
3. Bad Science Who? “Don’t Try This at Home!”
4. Bullet Points? For You Not for me
5. Professional Development
6. Higher order thinking skills
7. Smart boards
Questions to ask in interview?
66
Assignment Comments
NSTA Site
1. Purchasing books
2. Science Links
3. Bad Science Who? “Don’t Try This at Home!”
4. Bullet Points? For You Not for me
5. Professional Development
6. Higher order thinking skills
7. Smart boards
Questions to ask in interview?
Saving URL’s -- files -- emails
67
Put on you Teacher Hat
1B3
1B2
1B1
p 19
p 23
p 21
The Traveling Washer
Treasure Hunt
Where is it?
68
Things to Do Before Day 4
3A5 How fast can you run? (41) optional
3A6 How fast is it? (43) Do
3B1 Velocity isn’t Speed (45) prepare
3B2 Walking Around a Square (49) Do
Web Assignment Online physics textbook
69
3A1 Finding Average Speed (31)
Finding Average Speed
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
70
3A2 Predicting an Unknown Position (35)
Finding Unknown Position
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
72
3A3 Predicting an Unknown Time (37)
Finding Unknown Time
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
75
Day 4 Jan 19
76
"The key ingredient in a successful educational
experience is the passion, knowledge, and
caring of the teacher. This is much more
important than the topics covered or the order in
which they are covered.
If I had to make the choice, I would much rather
have my grandchildren experience an
extraordinary teacher than an extraordinary
curriculum.
I believe that the teacher breaths life into the
curriculum and not vice-versa."
Author unknown
77
Comments
Find other web sites that offer physics
instruction. Copy the URL from the site so
that one can go to it by clicking on it.
Cassidy – Pop Corn Article?
Handout Web sites from Assignment 8
78
Assignment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Third of NSTA material due.
Assignment on web sites submitted.
Block Walk velocity – acceleration 47
3B2 p49 Walk around a square - in class
3C1D Interstate highway story - read
3C2D p 55 Speed & Velocity - do in class
3C3 p 59 Speeding Up - do in class
79
3A1 Finding Average Speed (31)
Finding Average Speed
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
80
3A1 p 32
Finding Average Speed
6. How did average speed compare for:
A to B, A to C, A to D?
A to B, B to C, C to D?
Any thoughts if there were differences?
7. What would change if distance between
81
markers was different?
3A1 p 33
Finding Average Speed
What on the TN page was useful?
What on TN page was not useful?
What would you add to the notes?
82
3A2 Predicting an Unknown Position (35)
Finding Unknown Position
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
83
3A2 p 35
Finding Unknown Position
You found distance and time
From it you calculated the speed
How did you calculate position?
What is the formula?
Way to remember the formula
84
3A2 p 29
Finding Unknown Position
How did you handle units?
Did you use units at all times?
Where do you put the units?
Did you like the reporting format?
How would you change it?
85
3A3 Predicting an Unknown Time (37)
Finding Unknown Time
Work in groups of three
- meter sticks
- stop watches
- stomper cars
- orange stickers
- Are stop watches alike?
86
3A3 Predicting an Unknown Time (37)
Finding Unknown Time
How did the predicted time compare to
measured time?
87
3A4 p 39
Can You Walk at a Constant Speed?
Stickers on floor
They are equal distance apart
5 meters
There are 4 different intervals.
88
3A4 p 39
Can You Walk at a Constant Speed?
Stickers near floor, 5 m apart
S
1
2
3
4
Starter at S
Timers at 1, 2, 3, 4
Starter signals start – all watches start
Each timer stops the watch as person passes.
Second person follows and gets the time.
Rotate positions until all have walked.
89
3A5 p 41
How Fast Can You Run?
Optional
You can walk, crawl, hop etc. to
travel a known distance.
You might involve your friends.
90
3A6D Page 43
How Fast is It?
Any questions/comments?
91
3B1 pp 45
Velocity Isn’t Speed
Time yourself walking from A to B
Time yourself from B to A
Complete worksheet
Discuss traveling on turnpike
Between mile marker 161 and 180
How to estimate speed of car going faster than you!
92
Day 5
93
Great teachers
• Create more than others can envision
• Give more than others think is sensible
• Care more than others think is wise
• Risk more than others think is safe
• Dream more than others think is practical
• Expect more than others think is possible
Author unknown
94
Evaluation
Attendance and Class Participation
Third Report due Sun 10 pm - close
95
Assignment 9 Web Sites
1. Hand out evaluation summary. Comments
2. Comments on specific web sites
a. Need for visual
b. #14 Modeling
3. Find other web sites that offer physics
instruction.
4. Names, File Names, .doc vs .docx
5. Following Directions – How Handle it?
96
Magazine Comments
Cassidy May 2011 Managing Science Classrooms
Would dentist give old teeth for investigation?
ST Oct 2011 Give new teacher new advice
Report Mar 2011 Online Mentoring
ST Nov 2011 Science Fair
Report Feb 2011 Planning outside the box
97
Finishing 3A1, 3A2, 3A3
Introducing “Go Motion”
http://www.vernier.com/products/sensors/mo
tion-detectors/go-mot/
98
3B1 pp 45
Velocity Isn’t Speed
Share your speed values from A to B
and then B to A
Were they the same?
Share your velocity values from A to B
And the B to A
Were they the same?
Were the speed and velocity the same?
Any Questions?
99
3A6 p 43
How Fast Is It?
Homework
Any web sites relative to this activity?
100
3B2 page 49
Walking Around a Square Lab
Do as Homework before class
Discuss results in class
101
3B2 page 49
B
C
2m
Distance A to B? 2 m
Displacement A->B? 2 m N
Distance A to B to C? 4 m
Displacement from A-B-C?
A
2.83 m N 45oE
D
Distance from A to B to C to D? 6m
Displacement from A to B to C to D? 2 m E
Distance from A to B to C to D to A? 8m
Displacement from A to B to C to D to A? 0
102
3B2 page 49
t = 1 sec to go 2 m
Distance A to B? 2 m
speed/velocity
1 sec
Displacement A->B? 2 m N
Distance A to B to C? 4 m
2 m/s
2 m/s N
2 sec
Displacement from A-B-C? 2.83 m N 45oE
Distance from A to B to C to D? 6m 3 s
Displacement from A to B to C to D? 2 m E
2 m/s
1.42 m/s N45oE
2 m/s
0.67 m/s E
Distance from A to B to C to D to A? 8m 4 sec 2.0 m/s
Displacement from A to B to C to D to A? 0
0
103
3C1D page 53
Interstate Highway Story
Do as Homework (read) before class
Any Questions?
104
3C2D Speed and Velocity (55)
Stomper Car, String
Fasten string to car using slip knot..
Hold other end of string.
Turn Car on and watch it go.
Make sure it goes in a circle if need be
by adjusting where string is tied to car.
105
3C2D page 55
Speed and Velocity - 2
Is car going at constant speed?
Is the car going at constant velocity?
At A?
1
At B?
At C?
2
4
At D?
3
106
3C2D page 55
1
2
4
3
4. What is instantaneous velocity at point 1?
5. What is inst. velocity at point 2?
Did velocity change? Yes
6. Is velocity constant as object moves in circle?
107
3B1A Block Walk 47
Read before class
Do in class
Can you do the acceleration part?
108
3B1A Block Walk 47
Your reactions?
Do you need to re-experience
constant speed?
acceleration?
109
Workshop Leaders Guide p63
Acceleration
Read this to get an idea as to what this
section is about.
Any Questions?
110
Day 6
111
Assignment 10 Comments
Forces 7
Rotational 7
Cooking 2
Some more than one - Great
Oldness might be a concern
Centripetal force is … in car going in circle
Field trip to cedar point – 1985 DVD manuals
Falling into snow parachutes
Falling not kill you, it is the sudden stop acc.
Anything else?
112
NSTA Publications
Apr 2011 ST – Engineering – early awareness
Some schools have 1 hour course as freshman
Highly recommend co-op program
113
Assignment
Finish rolling down the plane.
Will discuss on Tuesday
P 69 4A2D do
Will then look at acceleration detector
114
3B2 page 49
Walking Around a Square Lab
Do as Homework before class
Discuss results in class
115
3B2 page 49
B
C
2m
Distance A to B? 2 m
Displacement A->B? 2 m N
Distance A to B to C? 4 m
Displacement from A-B-C?
A
2.83 m N 45oE
D
Distance from A to B to C to D? 6m
Displacement from A to B to C to D? 2 m E
Distance from A to B to C to D to A? 8m
Displacement from A to B to C to D to A? 0
116
3B2 page 49
t = 1 sec to go 2 m
Distance A to B? 2 m
speed/velocity
1 sec
Displacement A->B? 2 m N
Distance A to B to C? 4 m
2 m/s
2 m/s N
2 sec
Displacement from A-B-C? 2.83 m N 45oE
Distance from A to B to C to D? 6m 3 s
Displacement from A to B to C to D? 2 m E
2 m/s
1.42 m/s N45oE
2 m/s
0.67 m/s E
Distance from A to B to C to D to A? 8m 4 sec 2.0 m/s
Displacement from A to B to C to D to A? 0
0
117
3C1D page 53
Interstate Highway Story
Do as Homework (read) before class
Any Questions?
118
An Example
Going to work for 10 years  CVCA
In the morning
Get on turnpike at route 71 – 162 mile marker
Get off turnpike at route 8 – 180 mile marker
Distance going18 miles coming home 18 miles
Total distance traveled 36 miles
Displacement going 18 mi E returning 18 mi W
Displacement going +18 mi returning -18 mi
Total Displacement 0 miles or 0
119
3C2D Speed and Velocity (55)
Stomper Car, String
Fasten string to car using slip knot..
Hold other end of string.
Turn Car on and watch it go.
Make sure it goes in a circle if need be
by adjusting where string is tied to car.
120
3C2D page 55
Speed and Velocity - 2
Is car going at constant speed?
Is the car going at constant velocity?
At A?
1
At B?
At C?
2
4
At D?
3
121
3C2D page 55
1
2
4
3
4. What is instantaneous velocity at point 1?
5. What is inst. velocity at point 2?
Did velocity change? Yes
6. Is velocity constant as object moves in circle?
122
3C2D page 55
1
2
4
3
1. Force on car 1 for is: downward centriPetal
2. What is another force acting on 1?
3. For every force has an equal and opposite force
4. Force of string on ball = - force of ball on string
5. But the second force – ball on string is not on 1
6. CenriFugal
123
Workshop Leaders Guide p63
Acceleration
change in velocity / time
The units of acceleration are:
(cm/sec) / (sec)
(cm/sec/sec)
(cm/sec2)
cm
cm
or
2
sec sec sec
124
Workshop Leaders Guide p63
Acceleration
What is rate of change of velocity?
change in velocity / time (acceleration)
Speeding up is called?
positive acceleration
Slowing down is called:
negative acceleration
Deceleration is not a physics word
125
4A1 page 65
Rolling on an Inclined Plane
Cars Track Stop watches Stickers
Meter stick? Pulley string
or
Stomper Car Ramp Meter Stick
Support for ramp
To 122
126
Procedure
1. Create data tape
2. Measure and record information
6. Record the position from the beginning
(start) to the end of each interval and
record the date in row B.
Change dot to tick?
127
Rolling on an Inclined Plane
0
Position from beginning , to end of each interval (cm)
A
B
C
D
E
9.0
30.7
67.6 119.4 184.5
0
Time (from beginning to end of each interval (ticks)
10
20
30
40
50
9.0
10
0.090
21.7
Interval distance (cm)
.36.9 51.8
65.1
10
Interval time (ticks)
10
10
10
Average Velocity (cm/tick)
0.217 0.369 0.518 0.651
Change in Average Velocity (cm/tick/tick) (acceleration)
0.208 0.125 0.149 0.133
128
4A1 page 65
Rolling on an Inclined Plane
- Questions? Comments?
130
4A1 p 65
17. For your first set of data, if the car could continue
accelerating on the same incline for 10 intervals,
what would you predict for its average velocity
during the tenth interval?
18. The acceleration of gravity on Earth is 9.8 meters
per second per second. If a rock is dropped from
a sufficient height, how fast will it be going after:
One second?
_______
Two seconds?
_______
Three seconds? _ ______
131
132
Day 7
133
Flying Circus of Physics Web Site
-
Bell work? Need Activities – this site?
Girl named Sharon
Pay for things out of pocket – Bridgette
Working with school? higher grade level
Buy Books on Web
Flying Circus of Physics projects for a class
- http://www.flyingcircusofphysics.com/New
s/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=56
134
Six Books
Invitations to Science Inquiry – Tik L. Leim
Sports Science for Young People – G. Barr
Science from Your Airplane Window – E Wood
Rainbows, Curve Balls & Other Wonders of the
Natural World – Ira Flatow
- After Dinner Science – Kenneth Swezey 1948
- A Stress Analysis of a Strapless Evening Gown
one of the great nonsense classics of science –
with hilarious esseys.
-
135
Homework
Web Site: Smile – Large Lesson Plan Site
Prepare for Tuesday
Finish through page 83 (181-188)
Begin p 87 Begin Forces
136
4A1 p 65
17. For your first set of data, if the car could continue
accelerating on the same incline for 10 intervals,
what would you predict for its average velocity
during the tenth interval?
18. The acceleration of gravity on Earth is 9.8 meters
per second per second. If a rock is dropped from
a sufficient height, how fast will it be going after:
One second?
_______
Two seconds?
_______
Three seconds? _ ______
137
Velocity vs Time
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
138
Distance vs Time
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
139
Acceleration vs Time
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
140
4A2D page 69
Speeding Up and Slowing Down
Homework
Did you look at?
141
4A2
1.It is a common error to confuse the speed
of an object with its acceleration; many
people say that something with a large
acceleration (like a car that can go from
zero to 60 miles per hour in 4 seconds) is
“fast”. Of course, such a car may be able
to go very fast indeed, but not necessarily.
Conversely, some things can go very fast
but have a small acceleration.
142
4A2
2.List two or three things that may have a
large acceleration but do not usually have
large speeds. (You will need to decide just
what ‘large speed’ means.) Discuss your
decision and your list with the class.
143
4A2
3.List two or three things that reach large
speeds, but don’t necessarily have large
accelerations. (Your benchmark for ‘large
speed’ need not be the same as for
number 2.) Discuss your decision and your
list with the class.
144
Speeding Up and Slowing Down
4. Rank the following from small to large acc.
a. Arrow being shot from a bow.
b. Falling rock.
c. Throwing a baseball
d. Driven golf ball.
e. Space shuttle taking off.
f. ‘Putting’ a shot.
g. Family car starting off.
h. Dragster starting off.
5. Which has the greatest maximum speed?
6. Does it have the greatest acc.?
145
Speeding Up and Slowing Down
7. Which has the greatest acceleration?
A baseball being thrown or
the thrown baseball being caught
A falling rock or
a falling rock hitting the ground?
A track runner starting off or
the track runner stopping at the end of the race
A car stopping for a red light from 40 mi/hr or
a car hitting a tree at 40 mi/hr?
146
Speeding Up and Slowing Down
8. A baseball is thrown at 90 miles per hour. If it
take 0.5 sec to accelerate the ball, what is the
acceleration?
180 miles per hour per second
180 mi/hr/sec
mi
180
hr  sec
8. A baseball is thrown at 90 miles per hour. If it take
0.1 sec to stop the ball, what is the acceleration?
900 mi/hr/sec
147
Construction
Zip Lock Accelerometer p48
1. Tape baggie to inside of one cardboard
- use masking tape
2. Tape 2nd cardboard to first. (bottom, sides)
- use duct tape
3. Punch hole in sides at top
4. Insert large paper clips
5. Fill half full with colored water
- keep cardboard dry
148
4A3 page 71
Classification Motion
Will use new worksheet p 181-186
get small springs
Go to Power
Point
149
Accelerometer on a Cart
Activities
Created for Operation Physics
By
Dick Heckathorn
5 Mar 2K + 8
150
1. Cart is at Rest
If you were to mount the
accelerometer on a cart,
what would be the behavior
of the liquid in the
accelerometer when the cart
is not moving?
151
1. Cart is at Rest
First predict what the appearance will be,
then place the accelerometer
on the cart and
observe the liquid.
152
1. Cart is at Rest
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
153
2. Accelerated State: Small Force
Give the cart a push
to the right
to start it moving.
The observations will be easier
if you give the cart
a long slow push.
154
2. Accelerated State: Small Force
Describe the behavior
of the liquid
during the time
you are pushing
on the cart.
155
2. Accelerated State: Small Force
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
156
3. Accelerated State: Large Force
Push the cart
with a harder force.
Describe
how this affects
the liquid accelerometer.
157
3. Accelerated State: Large Force
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
158
4. Accelerated State
Tie a string to the cart.
Run the string over a pulley and
attach the string
to a pulling-weight
over the side of the table.
159
4. Accelerated State
A slow, steady acceleration
should be produced
by using the
falling weight and pulley
to pull the cart to the right.
160
4. Accelerated State
After the pulling weight
is released,
describe the behavior
of the liquid
in the accelerometer.
161
4. Accelerated State
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
162
5. Constant speed in a given
direction
Give the cart a push
and let it go at a constant speed.
Concentrate on the liquid level after you
stop pushing on the cart while it is
coasting
across the table.
163
5. Constant speed in a given
direction
Describe
the behavior of the liquid
in the accelerometer.
( Compare your results with #1.)
164
5. Constant speed in a given
direction
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
165
6. Moving cart across table
From one end of the table,
give the cart a small push
and then let it go.
Then push against the cart
to stop it
at the other end of the table.
166
6. Moving cart across table
Describe the behavior
of the liquid
in the accelerometer for the
following parts of this motion.
A.
B.
C.
Pushing to start
While it is coasting
Pushing to stop
167
A. Pushing right to start
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
168
B. While it is coasting
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
169
C. Pushing left to stop
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
170
Day 8
171
Comments
Get Color Filters
Red #106 Green #139 Blue #119
Cyan # 116 Magenta #128 Yellow #104
Article – Editor’s Corner NSTA TST Jan 91
172
Petals Around a Rose
Directions
1. The Name of the game tells you what the
rule is.
2. No one is EVER told what the rule is,
everyone must discover the rule for
themselves.
173
Petals Around a Rose
During the play of the game, if you have a
conjecture about what the rule is, let your leader
know. Do NOT tell him what your conjecture is.
The instructor will allow you to test your conjecture
by rolling the dice and let you state the number of
petals around the rose. When you can consistently
give the number of petals around the rose, you
have won the game. Remember direction 2. Do
NOT tell anyone else the rule. Let them win by
themselves
174
Petals Around a Rose
Questions:
1. How did your thinking change as you obtained
more and more information and experience?
2. What errors persisted in spite of your best effort?
3. When and what made order out of confusion?
4. What would have made the game easier?
5. Harder?
175
4. Accelerated State
Tie a string to the cart.
Run the string over a pulley and
attach the string
to a pulling-weight
over the side of the table.
176
4. Accelerated State
A slow, steady acceleration
should be produced
by using the
falling weight and pulley
to pull the cart to the right.
177
4. Accelerated State
After the pulling weight
is released,
describe the behavior
of the liquid
in the accelerometer.
178
4. Accelerated State
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
179
7. Holding at the top of incline
Mount the accelerometer
so it is level when the cart
is placed on an incline.
Hold the cart
at the top of the incline.
Describe the liquid in the accelerometer
What does this indicate?
180
7. Holding at top of incline
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
181
7. Rolls to left down incline
Describe the liquid
in the accelerometer
as it rolls down the incline.
What does this indicate?
182
7. Rolls to left down incline
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
183
8. Cart to right rolling up the incline
Give the cart a push, then let go
so the cart rolls up the incline and
comes to a stop close to the top.
When it stops, catch it so it doesn’t roll
back down.
184
8. Cart rolling up the incline
What does the liquid in the accelerometer
look like after
there is no longer a push on
the cart and it is rolling to a stop.
What does this suggest about the
cart’s motion.
185
8. Cart to right rolling up the incline
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
186
9. Cart going up and down the
incline
Thrust the cart up the incline
the same as you did before,
but this time, let it stop
and roll back down.
What does the accelerometer
look like as it is:
187
9a. Cart going up the incline
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
188
9b. Cart stopped at the top
PredictionActual
?
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
189
9c. Cart rolling down the incline
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
190
Summary – Cart on Ramp
Going down the ramp?
Going up the ramp?
Stopped at the top of the ramp?
What if ramp was steeper?
What if object thrown straight up in space from
the surface of the earth?
191
10. Accelerometer Swing Arms Length
Hold it parallel to direction of motion.
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
192
11. Accelerometer Swing Arms Length
Hold it perpendicular to direction of motion.
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
193
12. Accelerometer On Turntable
one end at center of turntable
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
194
13. Accelerometer On Turntable
at center of turntable
PredictionActual
Explanation
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
195
Additional – Large Accelerometer
Additional – Multi Accelerometer
196
14 Swinging as a Pendulum
Prediction
Stopped
Center
Stopped
<
<
<
>
>
>
197
14 Swinging as a Pendulum
Actual
Stopped
Center
Stopped
<
<
<
>
>
>
198
Accelerometer Test 187-188
199
Day 9
200
Question
How are things going?
In class activities?
Assignments
Like change, additional
201
U-Tube Web Sites
- Have compiled all resources – emailedto
you
- 5 0 6 2 6 0 Heckathorn
202
Homework
Assignment – Arbor Scientific Site
Prepare for where we leave off.
Hand out Stompin Stamper
Hand out color filters next time
203
Clean Up Loose Ends
1. Stompin Stamper down ramp
2. Petals Around the Rose
3. Accelerometer Test p 187-188
204
5WL Planning Guide p87
Naive Ideas:
1. If an object is at rest, no forces are acting on
the object.
2. An object at rest is held in place by a force
(inertia).
3. If an object is moving, a net force is acting on it.
4. Force is a property of an object. An object has
force, and when it runs out of force it stops
moving.
205
5A1F p 88
Motion and Force 2
Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
- Earth at center of the universe
- What are your thoughts?
- Do you think like, agree with Aristotle?
206
5A1F p 88
Motion and Force 3
Galileo 1564-1642
- thought process – rolling ball down plane
1. object at rest:
object in motion:
Summary: no force  no acc. force  acc
2. acceleration  sum all forces (net force)
3. F1 on 2 = - F2 on 1
207
5A1F p 88
Motion and Force 4
We have said there are two types of motion
- non-accelerated motion
- will see no cause, no explanation for this
to happen Fnet = 0
- accelerated motion
- requires a cause, a force a  Fnet
Last sentence: change = to ≠
208
5A2 p 89
The Coin and The Glass
Coin
3x5 card
209
Inertia Demos
1. Potato on coat hanger
2. $100 bill and glass pop bottles
plastic pop bottles with water in it
3. Toilet paper roll
4. Chalk on ring into pop bottle
5. Table cloth and dishes
6. Penny on coat hanger
212
5B1F Newton’s First Law p93
- 1st law states that an object at rest stays at
rest and an object stays in motion unless
another force acts on it
- Objects tend to either stay in motion or at
rest unless some force acts upon them
214
1.2 Inertia and Mass
- Newton’s 1st law - No force is needed to
keep an object in motion
- Inertia is a resistance to change in v, a
- Inertia is a quantity that is entirely
dependant upon the mass of an object.
- I think that an object will stop moving
because the object does not have any
more force exerted on it? no
215
1.2 Inertia and Mass
- ….a force of friction is what is needed to
stop an object, not an actual force
- It also talks about the correlation between
mass and inertia
- inertia is the tendency of a particular
object to resist changes in its own velocity
- Inertia is the resistance to change in its
normal state of motion
- Inertia – mass indicates stubbornness
216
1.2 Inertia and Mass
- inertia is dependent on mass
217
1.2 Inertia and Mass
1. Imagine a place in the cosmos far from all
gravitational and frictional influences.
Suppose that you visit that place (just
suppose) and throw a rock. The rock will
a. gradually stop.
b. continue in motion in the same direction
at constant speed.
218
1.2 Inertia and Mass
2. A 2-kg object is moving horizontally with a
speed of 4 m/s. How much net force is
required to keep the object moving at this
speed and in this direction?
219
1.2 Inertia and Mass
3. Mac and Tosh are arguing in the
cafeteria. Mac says that if he flings the
Jell-O with a greater speed it will have a
greater inertia. Tosh argues that inertia
does not depend upon speed, but rather
upon mass. Who do you agree with?
Explain why.
220
1.2 Inertia and Mass
4. Supposing you were in space in a
weightless environment, would it require a
force to set an object in motion?
221
1.2 Inertia and Mass
5. Fred spends most Sunday afternoons at
rest on the sofa, watching pro football
games and consuming large quantities of
food. What effect (if any) does this practice
have upon his inertia? Explain.
222
223
Day 10
224
Comments from Assignments
You write, “balanced forces, unbalanced
forces are the sum of forces which can be
gravitational or nuclear, or electromagnetic
which can be either magnetic or electric”
(Heckathorn, 2004). I think that we should
go over this in class. If not, then I would
like to meet with you and have it explained
this to me.
225
Comments from Assignments
It is definitely hard to view the world through
the laws of Physics because the person
attempting to learn (in this case the
student) must put aside what they have
heard or think they know, and look at each
situation only from a Physics point of view.
I have difficulties doing this some times._
226
Comments from Assignments
If I was not able to visualize this, I believe
this would be much harder for me to
understand by just looking at the
PowerPoint slides without lecture.
227
Homework
1. Go through the remaining sheet on the
power points, re-evaluate, mark naive
ideas, suggestions
2. Assignment – Arbor Scientific
228
1.2 Inertia and Mass
6. Ben Tooclose is being chased through the
woods by a bull moose which he was
attempting to photograph. The enormous
mass of the bull moose is extremely
intimidating. Yet, if Ben makes a zigzag
pattern through the woods, he will be able
to use the large mass of the moose to his
own advantage. Explain this in terms of
inertia and Newton's first law of motion.
229
1.2 Inertia and Mass
7. Two bricks are resting on edge of the lab table.
Shirley Sheshort stands on her toes and spots
the two bricks. She acquires an intense desire to
know which of the two bricks are most massive.
Since Shirley is vertically challenged, she is
unable to reach high enough and lift the bricks;
she can however reach high enough to give the
bricks a push. Discuss how the process of
pushing the bricks will allow Shirley to determine
which of the two bricks is most massive. What
difference will Shirley observe and how can this
observation lead to the necessary conclusion?
230
1.3 State of Motion
- keeps on doing what they’re doing unless
acted upon by a force
- Inertia is a resistance to change in v, a
- An object at rest has a velocity of zero,
and that object will not change its state of
motion unless an external force acts on
the object.
231
1.3 State of Motion
- Inertia can be redefined as the resistance
to change velocity
- is also defined as the resistance to change
acceleration
232
1.3 State of Motion
233
1.3 State of Motion
2. A 4.0-kg object is moving across a
friction-free surface with a constant
velocity of 2 m/s. Which one of the
following horizontal forces is necessary to
maintain this state of motion?
a. 0 N
b. 0.5 N
c. 2.0 N
d. 8.0 N
234
1.3 State of Motion
4. If the forces acting upon an object are
balanced, then the object
a. must not be moving.
b. must be moving with a constant velocity.
c. must not be accelerating.
d. none of these
235
236
237
238
Power Point Investigation
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/OPF
orceandMotion.htm
Flow Chart of Force and Motion
239
Day 11
240
241
How Rocket Works Demo
242
Horse-Cart Investigation
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/OPF
orceandMotion.htm
Summary
243
Tug of War Investigation
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/OPF
orceandMotion.htm
Tug of War
244
6A3D page 117
The Undercover Scale
245
Tug of War Investigation
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/OPF
orceandMotion.htm
Summary
246
Girl on Elevator
Go to elevator, max of 5
Keep track of the feeling on your legs
Before elevator starts up, run in place
Before elevator starts down, run in place
Keep running until elevator stops at 1st floor
Get off and let next group investigate
Once all groups investigate, take a second
run to confirm what you feel happening.
247
Riding an Elevator Investigation
http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/OPF
orceandMotion.htm
Summary
248
1.4 Balanced & Unbalanced
Forces
- When all forces acting on the object are of
equal magnitude, the object is at
equilibrium
- For instance if a book is not at equilibrium,
it is unbalanced
- Book pushed, eventually equal to frictionTherefore the book was at rest because
the forces acting on it balanced out
249
1.4 Balanced & Unbalanced
Forces
- Balanced, or at equilibrium means that two
forces of the same magnitude are acting
upon an object in different directions.
- Unbalance force refers to two different
forces acting upon an object. 1st force is
earth’s gravitational force down, the other
us the push on object (upward)
250
1.4 Balanced & Unbalanced
Forces
- unbalanced force is due to the fact that
there is an individual force acting on an
object that is not being balanced by a
force of equal magnitude in an opposite
direction
- Or – the sum of all forces acting on an
object does not equal zero.
251
2.1 The Meaning of Force
- The value of Force is calculated by:
- ma=F
- kg m/s2 Newton (show one)
252
2.2 Types of Forces
1 Different masses are hung on a spring scale calibrated
in Newtons.
The force exerted by gravity on 1 kg = 9.8 N.
b. The force exerted by gravity on 5 kg = ______ N.
c. The force exerted by gravity on ______ kg = 98 N.
d. The force exerted by gravity on 70 kg = ______ N.
b. 49 N (~50 N if approximating g to be 10 m/s/s)
c. 10 kg (~9.8 kg if approximating g to be 10 m/s/s)
d. 686 N (~700 N if approximating g to be 10 m/s/s)
253
2.2 Types of Forces
2. When a person diets, is their goal to lose
mass or to lose weight? Explain.
Generally, people diet because they wish to
reduce the amount of matter on their body they wish to remove the blubber. So people
diet to lose mass. If one wishes to lose
weight, they could get a six fold reduction by
moving to the moon. Groovy.
254
2.4 Determining Net Force
1. Free-body diagrams for foursituations are
shown below. For each situation,
determine the net force acting upon the
object. Click the buttons to view the
answers.
255
2.4 Determining Net Force
256
5B1 p 91
Inertia
2. What force pushes forward on the coin?
none
3. What force pushes backward on the coin
friction
257
5B1 p 91
Inertia 2
4. What force - you feel as car comes to stop
5. What force pushes you forward? None
6. What force pushes you backward? S-belt
7. In #4 direction of acceleration is: backward
8. How does direction compare: acc. vs force
9. Could cause of force in #2 be inertia? no
10. When you throw a ball, what keeps it
moving?
258
5B2F page 93
-
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia 1
refers to stubbornness of matter
objects want to say as they are
inertia is a property of matter-identifies this
it is not a force
if there is no net force – no acceleration
if there is a net force – an acceleration
259
7A3D p141
Paper and Book Drop
260
261
That’s All Folks
277