The Breakthrough of Liberalism in
the West & the Triumph of the
West European Bourgeoisie
11.56-57
France 1824-1830
 Charles X attempts to re-impose the Old Regime.
 “July Ordinances” (1830) lead to open revolt, the
“July Revolution”.
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Workers want social reform
Bourgeois want constitution of 1814 protected
 Charles abdicates, Louis Philippe becomes king.
 Bourgeois happy, radicals not
Reform in Great Britain
 Whigs versus Tories: Whigs come to
represent the industrialists/workers
 Reform Bill of 1832 redistributed the seats of
the HOC
 Parties reform as Liberal and Conservative.
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1833 Slavery abolished
1834 Poor Law reformed
 Tories become champions of the workers.
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Factory Act of 1833
Ten Hours Act (1847)
 Corn Law repealed in 1846 by Whigs.
 End result: Industrial interests are firmly
seated in the government. Industry and free
trade are #1 in Britain.
The Golden Age of the Bourgeoisie
 Not nobility.
 Increasing stake in society.
 Increasing difference between bourgeoisie
and labor.
 Rapid increase in industry.
 Corporations
The Frustration of Labor
 Did not get the right to vote
 Supply and demand affect wages
 No protection from cyclical market forces
 Leads to the formation of labor unions
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Collective bargaining
Socialism
Compensation based on need
Chartism in England
 The Charter of 1838
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Annual election
Universal suffrage
Secret ballots
Equal electoral districts
No property qualifications in HOC
Salaries for HOC
 Rejected by Parliament
 Social problems remain unresolved