Research Methods in
Psychology
Review for Exam 1
1
Question 1

The kind of everyday, nonscientific data
gathering that shapes our beliefs and
directs our behavior toward others has
been called _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
nonscientific inference
commonsense psychology
commonsense inference
nonscientific psychology
quasiexperimental psychology
2
Question 2

Which hypothesis is actually tested using
inferential statistics such as the t-test?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
research hypothesis
experimental hypothesis
alternative hypothesis
null hypothesis
Both c and d
3
Question 3

The principle of modus tollens is also
called ______________:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Law of parsimony
Law of effect
Occam’s razor blade
Method of verification
none of the above
4
Question 4

The research of Hendrik Schon resulted
in _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a prolific rate of very useful publications
grey goo
Mistakes that were satisfactorily corrected
An independent investigation
Replicable data sets
5
Question 5

The idea that statements may be proven
false by a single, contrary observation;
whereas, statements can never be
proven to be true is called modus tollens
or _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
bad science
good thinking
procedure of falsification
Occam’s razor
law of parsimony
6
Question 6

Part of the scientific approach that can
be particularly important when findings
have important implications (e.g., in the
case of cold fusion) or directly contradict
current conventional wisdom is called
_________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
observation
duplication
falsification
replication
remediation
7
Question 7

The word ‘science’ has two
connotations, __________ and
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
content; process
cause; effect
induction; deduction
inference; relation
formal; informal
8
Question 8

Which of the following groups is
concerned with the ethics of human
research studies?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
ILAR
AAALAC
IACUC
IRB
All of the above
9
Question 9

The following goal is included in the
concept of “informed consent”:
a) individuals must give their consent freely
b) individuals must be free to drop out of
the study at any time
c) researchers must give subjects a full
explanation of the procedures
d) researcher must make clear the potential
risks and benefits of the study
e) all of the above
10
Question 10

One advantage of laboratory experiments in
comparison to other research methods is the
greater degree of control over the
experimental situation. As a result, laboratory
experiments typically have greater
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
internal validity
external validity
realism
generalization
observation
11
Question 11

A ___________________ study includes
a between-groups design that is an
alternative to the within-subject design
of longitudinal studies.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
ex post facto
pretest/posttest
path analysis
crossed-lagged panel
cross-sectional
12
Question 12

One of the first kinds of data we collect
about others comes in the form of
_________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
traits we assign to them
random thoughts
projected characteristics that we possess
objective expectancies
Preconceptual science
13
Question 13

A field experiment may have a high level
of ______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Imposition of units
Antecedent manipulation
Internal validity
External validity
Both c and d
14
Question 14

Which of the following is a correlational
method of causal modeling
_______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Path analysis
crossed-sectional analysis
Ex post factoid
Cross-sagged camel design
longitudinal
15
Question 15

The study comparing Fri the 6th to Fri
the 13th was a _______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
longitudinal study
crossed-sectional study
ex post facto study
retrospective study
archival study
16
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B
E
E
D
C
D
A
D
9) E
10) A
11) E
12) A
13) E
14) A
15) E
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Bonus Question 1
Which research design uses beta weights
from multiple regression analysis to
generate possible direction of cause and
effect from correlated variables
a) Factor analysis
b) Multiple correlation
c) Path analysis
d) Crossed-lagged Panel
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Bonus Question 2
Which research design measures the same
pair of variables at two different points in
time and looks at patterns of correlations
across time for possible direction of cause
and effect
a) Factor analysis
b) Multiple correlation
c) Path analysis
d) Crossed-lagged Panel
19
Bonus Question 3
Which research design determines subsets
of correlated variables within a larger set
of variables
a) Factor analysis
b) Multiple regression
c) Multiple correlation
d) Linear regression
20
Bonus Question 4
Which research design determines subsets
of correlated variables within a larger set
of variables
a) Factor analysis
b) Multiple regression
c) Multiple correlation
d) Linear regression
21
Bonus Question 5
Which research design uses regression
equation to predict the scores on one
variable from the scores on sets of other
variables
a) Factor analysis
b) Multiple regression
c) Multiple correlation
d) Linear regression
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Bonus Question 6
Which research design explores
characteristics, behaviors, or effects of
naturally occurring events in preexisting
groups of subjects
a) Ex Post Facto
b) Nonequivalent Groups
c) Longitudinal
d) Cross-sectional
23
Bonus Question 7
Which research design investigates changes
across time by measuring the behavior of
the same group of subjects at different
points in time
a) Ex Post Facto
b) Nonequivalent Groups
c) Longitudinal
d) Cross-sectional
24
Bonus Question 8
Which research design investigates changes
across time by comparing groups of
subjects already at different stages at a
single point in time.
a) Ex Post Facto
b) Nonequivalent Groups
c) Longitudinal
d) Cross-sectional
25
Bonus Question 9
Which research design compares effects of
different treatment conditions on
preexisting groups of subjects.
a) Ex Post Facto
b) Nonequivalent Groups
c) Longitudinal
d) Pretest-posttest
26
Bonus Question 10
Which research design explores the effects
of an event (or treatment) by comparing
behavior before and after the event (or
treatment).
a) Ex Post Facto
b) Nonequivalent Groups
c) Longitudinal
d) Pretest-posttest
27
Answers to bonus questions
Can be found on pages 142 and 153 of
M&H.
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