OPORD Exploitation OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER Reference: FM 5-0, Army Planning and Orders Production, January 2005 From Intelligence, Action 1 Fundamentals • OPORDs are produced in Step Seven of Military Decision Making Process – Receipt of Mission – Mission Analysis – COA development – COA Analysis (Wargame) – COA Comparison – COA Approval – Orders Production From Intelligence, Action 2 OPORDs • Plans and orders are the means by which commanders express their visualization, intent and decisions. • They focus on results the commander expects to achieve. – Provides the “what” and “why” of a mission From Intelligence, Action 3 OPORD Defined • A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. • Has 5 paragraphs and descriptions of the following: – Task organization – Situation – Mission – Execution – Administrative and logistical support – Command and signal for the specified operation – Command and Control Procedures – Tasks to subordinate units • OPORDs always specify an execution date and time From Intelligence, Action 4 Terms • Commander’s Intent – A clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the force must meet to succeed with respect to the enemy, terrain, and desired end state. Contains three components. • End State: Consists of those conditions, that when achieved, accomplish the mission. • Key Tasks: Tasks that the force must perform as a whole or the conditions that the force must meet to achieve the end state. • Purpose: Does not restate why, addresses the broader operational context of the mission. From Intelligence, Action 5 Terms • • Concept of the operation – Describes how commanders see the actions of subordinate units fitting together to accomplish the mission (integration and synchronization). At a minimum it includes the scheme of maneuver and concept of fires. Scheme of maneuver – Addresses decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations, including security operations. • Decisive operations: operations that directly accomplish the task assigned by the higher headquarters. • Shaping operations: operations that create and preserve conditions for the success of the decisive operation. • Sustaining operations: operations that enable shaping and decisive operations by providing combat service support, rear area and base security, movement control, terrain management, and infrastructure development. From Intelligence, Action 6 Battle Command and Decision Making • Battle Command – The exercise of command in operations against a hostile, thinking opponent. Decision making and leadership are two aspects of battle command. • Decision making – Requires commanders to judge the quality of information received. It also requires the to focus subordinates and staff on information they consider important. FM 6-0, Mission Command August 2003 From Intelligence, Action 7 Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIRs) • Elements of information required by commander’s that directly affect decision making and dictate the successful execution of military operations. • CCIRs belong to the commander alone. They are not static; commanders add, delete, adjust and update them throughout the operation. From Intelligence, Action 8 Friendly Forces Information Requirements • Friendly Forces Information Requirements – Information the commander and staff need about the forces available for the operation. • Normally contained within the Commander’s Situation Report FM 6-0, Mission Command August 2003 From Intelligence, Action 9 Priority Information Requirements • PIRs are those intelligence requirements for which a commander has an anticipated and stated priority in his task of planning and decision-making. • PIRs are associated with a decision based on action or inaction or the battlespace that will affect the overall success of the commander’s mission. • Answers to the PIRs help produce intelligence essential to the commander’s situational understanding and decisionmaking. FM 2-0 May 2004 From Intelligence, Action 10 OPORD Format • OPERATION PLAN/ORDER (number) (code name) • References – list the maps, charts, datum, or other related documents the unit needs to understand the OPLAN/OPORD. DO NOT LIST SOPs. • Time Zone used Throughout the OPLAN/OPORD – Time Zone applicable to the operation. Operations across several times zones use ZULU time. DO NOT USE LOCAL. • Task Organization – Describes the allocation of forces to support the concept of the operation – Review and make sure it matches through the base order and annexes. – ROLLING THUNDER: See Annex A From Intelligence, Action 11 From Intelligence, Action 12 ROLLING THUNDER Task Organization X 172 1-17 2-1 4-23 172 E 562 572 SPT MI 4-11 4-14 A/52 21 3 x PROPHETS 3 x PPS-5B 3 x TAC HUMINT TMS 3 x Shadow UAV From Intelligence, Action 13 Paragraph 1: Situation a. Enemy Forces. Describe 2 echelons below yours (BCTs address platoons) At a minimum 2 COAs (ML and MD) COA Sketches go into annex B (intelligence) b. Friendly forces. List the mission, commander’s intent, and concept of the operation for one level up and two levels down. (BCT to UE(x)/Division and Company and Plt) c. Environment (Not used for ROLLING THUNDER; issued in annex) 1. Terrain 2. Weather 3. Civil Considerations 4. Attachments and detachments (do not repeat Task Organization) when does task organization go into effect. From Intelligence, Action 14 Paragraph 2: Mission • Mission statement with any on-order or be prepared to (BPT) Missions but no subparagraphs MISSION. 172nd Brigade attacks in zone from PL SUN to PL ASTEROID at 131000TNOVXX to secure OBJ UTAH and OBJ OMAHA in order to destroy enemy in zone and control east/west mobility corridors along the San Pedro River. Continue the attack east to secure OBJ ARIZONA and OBJ KANSAS to complete the destruction of enemy forces. Be prepared to conduct peace enforcement operations. From Intelligence, Action 15 Paragraph 3: Execution a. Concept of the operation 1. Maneuver 2. Fires a. Air Support b. FA Support c. Naval Gunfire 3. ISR (reconnaissance objectives) 4. Intelligence 5. Engineer 6. Air and Missile Defense 7. Information Operations (Not used in ROLLING THUNDER) 8. NBC support (Not used in ROLLING THUNDER) 9. Military Police Operations (Not used in ROLLING THUNDER) 10. Civil-Military Operations (Not used in ROLLING THUNDER) From Intelligence, Action 16 Paragraph 3: Execution (cont) b. Tasks to maneuver units. • Missions and tasks assigned to each maneuver unit listed in task organization sequence. c. Tasks to other combat and combat support units d. Coordinating instructions 1. Time or condition when the order becomes effective 2. CCIRS 3. Risk reduction control measures 4. ROE 5. Environmental considerations (Not Used for ROLLING THUNDER) 6. Force Protection 7. Any additional coordinating instructions (Not Used for ROLLING THUNDER) From Intelligence, Action 17 Paragraph 4: Service Support a. b. c. d. Support Concept Materiel and services Health service support Personnel service support (Not Used for ROLLING THUNDER) From Intelligence, Action 18 Paragraph 5: Command and Signal a. Command. • Coordinates for CP locations and at least one future location for each CP. Identify the CoC if not addressed in unit SOPs b. Signal. • List signal instructions not specified in unit SOPs. ID the specific signal operating instructions edition in effect. From Intelligence, Action 19 Annexes a. b. c. d. e. f. Task Organization Only annexes A and C are used Intelligence Appendix 1 Intelligence Estimate ROLLING THUNDER. Appendix 2 ISR Plan Appendix 3 Counterintelligence Appendix 4 Weather Appendix 5 IPB Products Operations Overlay Fire Support Appendix 1 Air Support Appendix 2 Field Artillery Support Appendix 3 Naval Gunfire Support Rules of Engagement Appendix 1 (ROE Card) Engineer Appendix 1 Obstacle Overlay Appendix 2 Environmental Consideration Appendix 3 Terrain Appendix 4 Mobility/countermobility/survivability execution matrix and timeline Appendix 5 EOD in From Intelligence, Action 20 Annexes g. h. i. j. k. Air and Missile Defense Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Operations Service Support Appendix 1 Service Support Matrix Appendix 2 Service Support Overlay Appendix 3 Traffic Circulation and Control Tab A Traffic Circulation Overlay Tab B Road Movement Table Tab C Highway Regulation Appendix 4 Personnel Appendix 5 Legal Appendix 6 Religious Support Appendix 7 Foreign and Host Nation Support Appendix 8 Contracting Support Appendix 9 Reports NBC Provost Marshall From Intelligence, Action 21 Annexes l. m. n. o. p. q. r. ISR Operations Appendix 1 ISR Tasking Plan/Matrix Appendix 2 ISR Overlay Rear area and base security Space Army Airspace Command and Control (A2C2) Information Operations Appendix 1 OPSEC Appendix 2 PSYOP Appendix 3 Military Deception Appendix 4 Electronic Warfare Appendix 5 IO Execution Matrix Civil Military Operations Public Affairs From Intelligence, Action 22