Condensation & Hydrolysis
The putting
together
and taking
apart of
molecules!!
Chapter 3
Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Large Carbon Molecules
• Condensation reactions join monomers (small
simple molecules) to form polymers. A
condensation reaction releases water as a byproduct.
• In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split
polymers into monomers.
Condensation
The connecting of monomers into polymers.
A monomer
Another monomer
A polymer!
A chemical
bond
Hydrolysis
Two
monomers
A polymer
Pop Quiz, Hot
Shots!
Simple sugars to carbohydrates = Condensation
Nucleotides to nucleic acids
=
Condensation
Amino acids to proteins
= Condensation
Lipids to fatty acids
= Hydrolysis
Condensation and Hydrolysis are
powered by enzymes!
Proteins that speed up
biological reactions (act
like catalysts)
The Official Condensation
Reaction Definition
An enzyme-mediated
reaction leading to
the covalent linkage
of small molecules
and the formation
of water as a byproduct.
Director of
Biochemistry
Condensation Step By Step:
1. One monomer loses a H+ and the
other loses a OH- group with the
help of an enzyme.
H
H
Enzyme
OH
OH
Condensation Step By Step:
2.
monomers
are covalently
3. The two
H+ and
OH- removed
in step
joined.
one form water.
H
H
O
HO
H
H2O
A Monomer
A Monomer
Macromolecule
Bond
Condensation
Builds
Macromolecles!!
OH
HO
Enzyme
H
H
The End Result:
This reaction produces a polymer
which can be anywhere from three
monomers to millions of monomers
in size!!
The Official Hydrolysis Reaction
Definition
An enzyme-mediated
reaction in which
covalent bonds break,
splitting a molecule in
two or more parts with
H+ and OH- (derived
from water) becoming
attached to the exposed
bonding sites.
Director of
Biochemistry
Hydrolysis Step By Step:
1.
bonds
3. Covalent
This newly
splitbetween
water is attached
2. monomers
A water molecule
is
split
into
H+
broken
with the help
to the newlyare
split
monomers.
and
OHof an enzyme.
H
Enzyme
H
O
HO
H2H
O
H
H
O
You
Hydrolysis
Suck
You
suck!CovalentMore!
Bond
H
H
O
.
Me
You
H
H
O
A Polymer
HO
H2OH
H
H
Enzyme
O
Me
You
A Polymer
Hydrolysis
Splits
Macromolecles!!
Summing Up
•Condensation connects
things together.
•Hydrolysis breaks things
apart.