Author: J.D. Salinger
Published: 1951

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1919-2010
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Served in WWII
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Literary recluse - rarely granted interviews, none after 1980
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Wrote several short stories and books about young adults and the process of growing up
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The Catcher in the Rye = most famous and notorious work
Introduction

• published in 1951
• has sold over 65 million copies worldwide
• was popular with college students before literary critics found merit in it
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Time Magazine named it one of the best novels of 20 th century
• frequently challenged and banned in libraries and schools because of talk of sex and excessive bad language
Introduction

it
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Holden is (arguably) a near perfect sketch of an American teenager - one that still holds true today.
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You will see bits of yourself or your friends in Holden. (I dare you not to.)
Introduction

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Holden Caulfield, age 16
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D.B. - Holden's older brother who is a "sellout" Hollywood writer
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Allie - Holden's younger brother who died previous year of leukemia
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Phoebe - Holden's innocent but wise younger sister
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Stradlater and Ackley - classmates who act as foils for Holden
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Jane and Sally - girls Holden has dated or is interested in dating
Introduction

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First-person Limited - we only see
Holden's point of view (key question: is he a reliable narrator?)
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Stream of Consciousness - the book sounds like the stream of thoughts running through your head
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Dialect - Salinger replicates the dialect of a teenage boy
 the language is controversial, but this makes it more believable
Introduction

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Pencey Prep:
Holden’s boarding school
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New York City: a little bit of everything
Introduction

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Holden has been expelled from his private high school
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Instead of going straight home, he detours through NYC, trying his hand at being an adult
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Events and issues include: school, teachers, music, sex, alcohol, hypocrisy, family, being a teenager, and growing up
Introduction

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Carousel
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Red hunting cap
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Baseball
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Allie's Catcher's mitt
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Ducks in Central
Park Pond
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Museum of
Natural History
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Pencey Prep
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The catcher in the rye
Introduction

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Holden’s Journey through young adulthood: growing up
• and what that means, including:
Loss of Innocence - bildungsroman
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Struggle for Identity
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Disgust with Adult Hypocrisy (the phony people)
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Alienation as a Form of Protection, including:
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Anger as a Shield Against Pain
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Confrontation of Fear
Confusion surrounding Love and Sexuality, including:
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Elusion of Love
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Fear of Intimacy and Homosexuality
Guilt
Introduction

Put yourself into Holden’s shoes. What would you do if you were expelled from school, had a little money to spend, and knew that your parents would not expect you home for two days?
Please keep your responses school appropriate. ( Even though Holden doesn't...I don't want to have to report you!) O_0
Introduction

Terminology
Review:
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Protagonist
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Antagonist
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Dynamic
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Static
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Stereotype
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External Conflict
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Internal Conflict
Foil
The main character (not always the “good guy”)
The character working against the main character
Changing, growing personality
Unchanging personality, doesn’t learn anything
Going along with common impressions or expectations
Man vs: Man/Machine, Society, Nature/Animal, Fate/Destiny
Man vs Self (making moral decisions)
Character who provides direct contrast to another character

Instructions:
Complete each section of the character analysis sheet for Holden.
Complete each section of the worksheet on foils, regarding Ackley and Stradlater.
You may work in pairs, but each person must turn in a paper.

Stream of Consciousness o narration which follows the unedited thoughts of the speaker o usually seems jumbled, but relies on association of thoughts and ideas o look at the ideas right before and right after a passage to discover how the narrator arrived at the topic – what reminded him of his current thought?
o This style often seems immature – why might Salinger have used it anyways?
Other Examples from Literature o James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner, Jack Kerouac

Narrator and Reliability o First person: uses I: “I walked down the hallway and waved to my friend.” o Second person: uses you: “So you are walking down the hallway, and you see one of your friends.” o Third person: uses she or he: “She walked the hallway, searching for a familiar face.”
Reliability o Can you trust the narrator’s perception of people and events?
o Is the narrator honest with himself and others?

Dialect o Local language: coke, pop, soda o Slang: text speak, age-related language o Cursing: mild to extreme
Consider o Does the dialect show setting, including place and time period?
o Does it show characterization?
o Is it realistic?

Instructions:
On your own, complete the worksheet on stream of consciousness, using your book as needed.
When I tell you to form groups, discuss whether
Holden is a reliable narrator, and whether the dialect sounds like a real teenager. Provide at least four points to each argument, with quotes from the book to back up your opinions.

Symbols: o Visual representations of words or ideas o Some have the same meaning for the majority of people o But others can mean different things for different people

Instructions:
Complete the chart for each symbol, including a physical description from the book, and your own explanation of what the symbol means to the book.
With a partner, discuss which symbols might be most important to the work.

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The Hero’s Journey by gloveandboots o What is Holden’s quest? What is he searching for?
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The innocence of childhood o Holden wants everything to stay the same as when he was younger – he isn’t ready to grow up.
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The elusion of love o Holden is dying for someone to love him – parents, friends, girlfriends, prostitutes. He finally settles on imaginary children.
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The struggle for identity (bildungsroman) o Holden doesn’t yet know who he wants to be – he looks at everyone as phony, but he’s not sure how to avoid that himself.

Instructions:
With a partner, complete the worksheet on theme. Be sure to check the book carefully for quotations: this is also a good way to review the plot of the book.
Extra credit: on a separate paper, choose one of the themes and discuss how it applies to your life. Use specific examples. 2-3 paragraphs.