Warm-up 2/8/16
UNIT 2: BIOCHEMISTRY DAY 2
LIST THE FIVE (5) MAJOR ELEMENTS THAT MAKE
UP YOUR BODY.- 2minutes
Umm…why are we learning about chemistry in biology?
BECAUSE…..
Every biological process is part of a
chemical reaction!
All of the energy we need depends on
chemical reactions!
Why are we learning about Chemistry???
5 elements make up over 90% of your body!
C, H, N, O, P
(Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous)
Basic Chemistry REMINDERS…
 Compounds are combinations of 2 or more elements.
Basic Chemistry REMINDERS…
 Chemical symbols are used to represent each
element.

Found on the Periodic Table
Biochemistry
Study of the chemicals
necessary for living things.
Also called Organic Chemistry.
Involves the element carbon
(C)
Video
 1. Get Chromebooks and log in
 2. Go to class website: mshollis.cmswiki.wikispaces.net
 3. Click on Biology Daily Assignments
 Go to 2/5/16
 4. Find your groups powerpoint presentation link and open it.
 5. You are the expert on your topic. You will have 5 minutes to teach
your other group members who did not have your topic about your
particular topic. When the timer goes off, someone else from your group
will begin teaching about their particular topic.
 6. Be sure to cover everything, because your peers will use this
information to complete practice questions.
 1. Get Chromebooks and log in
 2. Go to class website: mshollis.cmswiki.wikispaces.net
 3. Daily Assignments
 4. Find Today’s Date: 2/8/16
 Click on one of the two links and complete the Biology Crash Course
Worksheet
Stations
 You will have 8 minutes to complete each station.
 You DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE THE QUESTION, BUT YOU MUST
WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES TO RECEIVE
CREDIT
 After the music stops you the station guide will rotate but you will stay
seated.
Macromolecules Crash Course
Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic Molecules
 Contain carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms together
Inorganic Molecules
 Don’t contain carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen together
 Make up living things
 Make up nonliving things
 Molecules that play an important
 Molecules that also play an
role in living things
 Most important organic molecule
is glucose
important role in living things
 Most important inorganic molecule
is water.
Biochemistry
 Terms to Know:
 Monomer – the smallest unit of a substance (the building
block)


Example: like one Lego block
Polymer – many monomers linked together to make a large
structure; also called macromolecules (many repeating
subunits linked together)

Example: Lego blocks put together to make a Lego house
Biochemistry
 Types of Organic Molecules (Macromolecules)
1.
Carbohydrates
2.
Lipids
3.
Proteins
4.
Nucleic Acids
CARBOHYDRATES
 Function:
 to store and release QUICK energy
 If the energy is not used, it gets stored as FAT (or LIPIDS)
 Monomer = monosaccharide (one unit of sugar)
 Examples: Glucose & Fructose
 Simple sugars
 Polymer = Polysaccharide (many
 Example: Starches, glycogen, cellulose
 Complex sugars
units of sugar)
The ATOMS & RATIO
 Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and
OXYGEN (O)
 These atoms are found in a special ration:
1:2:1 ratio
(Example: C6H12O6)
It LOOKS Like…
Monomer
Pictures
Polymer
It is IMPORTANT because…
 It is made by PRODUCERS in PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 GLUCOSE is the sugar made by plants during
photosynthesis.
 Animals use this glucose to help create cellular
energy (ATP)
TESTS
 FOR SUGAR: Benedict’s Solution
 To help remember this: BEN LIKES SUGAR!
 FOR STARCH: Iodine
 To help remember this: I DINE ON STARCH!
Monosaccharides
 Monomer = 1 Unit of SUGAR
 Examples:
 Glucose
 Fructose
 Monomers are SIMPLE carbohydrates
 They give you quick energy and are typically not very
healthy

Example: sugars found in candy bars!
POLYSACCHARIDES
 Polymer = Many Units of SUGAR
 Examples:
 Starch  sugars in plants (made of many repeating glucose
molecules)
 Glycogen  energy storage in animal muscle
 Cellulose  found in plant cell walls; animals can not digest
 Polysaccharides are COMPLEX carbohydrates
 They are better for you than SIMPLE carbohydrates
 Examples: brown rice, potatoes, pasta, bread
They typically END in…
-OSE
Example: glucOSE, fructOSE,
lactOSE
Lipids
FUNCTION of LIPIDS
 Function:

Stored, long-term energy
Very concentrated
 Twice as much energy as carbohydrates


Insulation


Body Padding


Keeps you warm (think of the blubber on a whale!)
Cushions body organs
Cell membranes
PhosphoLIPID Bilayer
 Fat surrounds all of your cells and helps support the cell

 Commonly called fats, oils and waxes
SUBUNITS
 1 GLYCEROL and 3 FATTY ACIDS
 Monomer = long chains of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
GLYCEROL
3 FATTY ACIDS
The ATOMS & RATIO
 Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and
OXYGEN (O)
 RATIO?
THERE
IS NO SPECIFIC RATIO!!
Lipids have the same ATOMS as
carbohydrates, but lipids do not have
a specific ratio like carbohydrates do.
It LOOKS Like…
Pictures
Molecular Structure of Fat
not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”
glycer
ol

2003-2004
fatty
acid

fatty
acid

fatty
acid

TESTS
 BROWN PAPER BAG TEST!
 If there IS a grease stain, then lipids are present!
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
UNSATURATED
SATURATED
•
•
•
Saturated – bonds in
molecule are
UNBENDABLE
Tend to clog arteries
Typically from animals
(fats, butter, lard)
•
•
•
Unsaturated – some bonds
in molecule BENDABLE
Better, but can still clog
arteries
Typically from plants (oils)
It’s IMPORTANT for your CELLS…
 Cell membranes are made out of lipids
 phospholipids
 heads are on the outside touching water


tails are on inside away from water


2003-2004
“like” water (hydroPHILIC)
“scared” of water (hydroPHOBIC)
forms a barrier
between the cell
& the outside
Properties of Water - Observations
Cohesion: Water is attracted to water
Adhesion: Water is attracted to other substances
*cohesion and adhesion are the "stickiness" that water
molecules have for each other and for other substances
*surface tension is the result of the tendency of water
molecules to attract one another
In a water molecule, the two hydrogen atoms align themselves
along one side of the oxygen atom, with the result being that
the oxygen side has a slight negative charge and the side with
the hydrogen atoms has a slight positive charge. Thus when
the positive side on one water molecule comes near the
negative side of another water molecule, they attract each
other and form a hydrogen bond.
Exit Ticket
 Complete the Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting carbohydrates
and lipids
Homework due tomorrow
 Finish Carbohydrates and Lipids Venn Diagram- will be checked
tomorrow
 Complete the Check-up Worksheet
 Copy notes on Proteins and Nucleic Acids