Review
Types of Bones, Ossification, Remodelling & the Axial Skeleton
True or False (if the statement is FALSE, change the underlines word to make the statement true):
1. Flat bones provide protection for the brain and the organs of the abdomen.
2. The end portions of long bones are known as diaphyses.
3. The appendicular skeleton includes bones that form the skull, vertebral column and ribcage.
4. In places where a cartilage cover is lacking, the long bone is covered with a connective tissue membrane called
the endosteum.
5. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by excessive build up of bone.
6. Where the occipital bone of the skull meets the two parietal bones, the joint is called a suture.
7. The atlas permits extension and flexion, while the axis permits rotation.
Fill in the Blank:
1. The skull, ribs and pelvis are types of bones classified as ______.
2. Those bones that bear the weight of the body are classified as ______.
3. All the bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage are considered together as the ______.
4. Two examples of block-like bones in the body are the carpals and tarsals, known as this type of bone. ______
5. Bone serves to support the body, protect the organs, store calcium, and aid the muscles in ______.
6. The two ends of long bones are known as ______.
7. The ends of a long bone are cover with ______ cartilage.
8. Wherever it lacks a cartilage cover, the long bone is covered with a connective tissue membrane known as the
______.
9. The interior portion of the epiphysis of the bone consists of ______.
10. The medullary cavity in long bones is filled with ______.
11. Bone formation takes place by a process called ______.
12. Before puberty, the long bone lengthens at a zone of cartilage superior and inferior to the primary ossification
centre, known as the ______.
13. Bone is remodelled and dissolved by substances secreted by bone-destroying cells referred to as ______.
14. The excessive breakdown of bone may exceed its ability to ossify and remodel in a condition called ______.
15. Where the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, there is a joint called the
______.
16. The bones of the upper and lower appendages compromise the ______.
17. Movement of the bones is controlled by the body`s ______.
18. The cranial bones are fused together at immovable joints known as ______.
19. The forehead and anterior roof of the cranium is formed by the ______.
20. The posterior cranial roof is formed by the ______.
21. The occipital bone contains a large hole for the passage of the spinal cord, known as the ______.
22. The bones that form the side walls of the cranium are called the ______.
23. The projection of the temporal bones that helps form the cheek bone is the ______.
24. The lower jaw bone is shaped as a horseshoe and is called the ______.
25. The vertebral column is composed of 26 bones known as ______.
26. The five sacral vertebrae fuse to one another to form the ______.
27. The vertebrae of the neck are known as ______.
28. The unfused vertebrae of the vertebral column are separated from one another by ______.
29. The weight bearing cylinder of the vertebral bone that is found between the disks is the ______.
30. The spinal cord extends through the vertebral column by passing through openings in the vertebrae known as
______.
31. The first vertebrae of the vertebral column is called the ______.
32. The process of the axis that projects upward into the ring of the first vertebrae is the ______.
33. The three recognizable parts of the sternum are the ______.
34. The true ribs are attached directly to the sternum by the ______.
35. The last two pairs of ribs do not attach to the sternum and are known as ______.
Short/Long Answers
1. Explain the process of Ossification.
2. Which bones began as fibrous and which began as cartilaginous?
3. What is osteoporosis?
4. List the 5 types of bones and provide an example for each.
5. What are the six roles our skeletal system plays in our body?
6. What is the only joint on the skull called?