Take a Trip Through the Bone!
You are a doctor who is tired of your profession and wants to become a travel agent. You just got
hired at a new company and your job is to convince customers to take a trip to the beautiful land
of the skeletal system.
Please create a travel brochure in which you highlight trendy spots, exciting activities, any
possible dangers or precautions, and any other information that may convince people to travel
where you would like them to travel.
Be sure to include the following:
 The types of bone tissue
 The structure of a long bone (with an illustration)
 The three types of bone cells
 How the three types of bone cells maintain the body’s homeostatic calcium levels
 How bones grow and/or are repaired
Rubric:
All above information included
Brochure is colorful and creative
Brochure would make someone want to visit the skeletal system
Total
_____/20 points
_____/7 points
_____/3 points
_____/20 points
BONE NOTES:
There are two kinds of bone tissue

Compact bone is the hard material that makes up the shaft of long bones and the
outside surfaces of other bones.

Spongy bone consists of thin, irregularly shaped plates called trabeculae,
Here are the main features of a long bone

The diaphysis, or shaft, is the long tubular portion of long bones. It is composed of
compact bone tissue.

The epiphysis is the expanded end of a long bone.

The metaphysis is the area where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis.

The medullary cavity, or marrow cavity, is the open area within the diaphysis. The
adipose tissue inside the cavity stores lipids and forms the yellow marrow.

Articular cartilage covers the epiphysis where joints occur.

The periosteum is the membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis (and epiphyses

where articular cartilage is absent). It contains osteoblasts (bone-forming cells),
osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells), nerve fibers, and blood and lymphatic vessels.
Ligaments and tendons attach to the periosteum.
In certain bones (ribs, vertebrae, hip bones, sternum), the spaces between the
trabeculae contain red marrow, which is active in hematopoiesis
Bone Growth
Bones elongate as chondrocytes in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate divide. These
cell divisions produce new cartilage within the epiphyseal plate bordering the epiphyses.
At the other end of the epiphyseal plate, bordering the diaphysis, older cartilage is
broken down by invading osteoclasts and is eventually replaced by the expanding
medullary cavity.
Bone Homeostasis
Remodeling is the process of creating new bone and removing old bone. It
occurs constantly in growing children as well as in adults in the following
situations:

Remodeling occurs when bones grow, redistributing bone tissue to maintain the
shape and structure of the bone.

Remodeling occurs in response to new stresses applied to a bone, increasing
bone strength by adding new bone tissue where appropriate.

Remodeling occurs when calcium stored in the bones is removed for metabolic
processes in other parts of the body. Similarly, remodeling occurs when excess
calcium is returned to the bone reservoir.

Remodeling occurs during the repair of broken bones.
There are three special types of cells that are found only in the bone.
These cell names all start with "OSTEO" because that is the Greek word for bone.
OSTEOCLASTS are large cells that dissolve the bone. They are found on the
surface of the bone mineral next to the dissolving bone.
OSTEOBLASTS are the cells that form new bone. Osteoblasts work in teams to
build bone. Then they control calcium and mineral deposition. They are found
on the surface of the new bone.
When the team of osteoblasts has finished filling in a cavity, the cells become
flat and look like pancakes. They line the surface of the bone. These old
osteoblasts are also called LINING CELLS. They regulate passage of calcium
into and out of the bone, and they respond to hormones by making special
proteins that activate the osteoclasts.
OSTEOCYTES are cells inside the bone. They also come from osteoblasts.
Some of the osteoblasts turn into osteocytes while the new bone is being
formed, and the osteocytes then get surrounded by new bone. They are not
isolated, however, because they send out long branches that connect to the
other osteocytes. These cells can sense pressures or cracks in the bone and
help to direct where osteoclasts will dissolve the bone.
More Skeletal Pictures to help you study: