Salt Lake City Community College
Human Anatomy Laboratory

http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/bones/EBbonestutorial.html

 Axial skeleton - forms long axis of body
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Thoracic cage
 Appendicular skeleton (next week) – appendages and what they attach to
 Upper limbs (arms)
 Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
 Lower limbs (legs)
 Pelvic girdle

Axial skeleton
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green

The Skull = cranial bones and facial bones
 Cranial bones
(or cranium)
 Frontal bone
 Parietal bones (paired)
 Occipital bone
 Temporal bones (paired)
 Sphenoid bone
 Ethmoid bon e
 Facial bones
 Mandible
 Vomer
 Maxillae (paired)
 Zygomatics (paired)
 Nasal (paired)
 Lacrimal (paired)
 Palatines (paired)
 Inferior nasal conchae
(paired)

frontal parietal temporal
_______sphenoid
_____ethmoid occipital parietal parietal occipital

this is the right temporal bone looking at it from the right side

Small cranial bones…
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

 Largest 4 skull sutures: where bones articulate with parietal bones
 Coronal
 Sagittal
 Squamous
 Lambdoid (FIND THEM)

Find: coronal, squamous and lamboid sutures

Find: sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Facial bones: Mandible
Vomer
Maxillae (paired)
Zygomatics (paired)
Nasal (paired)
Lacrimal (paired)
Palatines (paired)
Inferior nasal conchae
(paired)

Mandible (lower jaw)
Maxilla (there are 2 that fuse, forming the upper jaw)

 Air-filled sacs in the bones

“Paranasal” because they cluster around and connect to the nasal cavity

 Only bone which does not articulate with any other bone
 Moveable base for the tongue
 Points of attachment for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during swallowing

Remember that the
Axial skeleton includes:
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green

Adult: 24 vertebrae
 Cervical – 7
 Thoracic - 12
 Lumbar - 5
 Sacrum (5 fused)
 Coccyx (4 fused)

Shapes posterior wall of pelvis
Composite bone of 5 fused vertebrae
Sacral foramina allow passage of vessels & nerves
(the tailbone)

Remember that the
Axial skeleton includes:
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green

 Manubrium
 Body
 Xiphoid process
 True ribs 1-7
 False ribs 8-12
 Floating ribs 11,12

 Unossified remnants of membranes
 Present at birth



Anterior fontanel largest
Called “soft spots”
Ossify by 1 ½ - 2 years
Continue to ossify into adulthood; the sutures can become fused in old age