http://www.teacheroz.com/hitler.htm
http://www.holocaustforgotten.
com/holocaustphotos.htm
The Holocaust
Angela Brown
1
http://remember.org/jacobs/BirkEntrance.html
Lesson Targets:
• Explain how persecution of Jews and
other minorities increased in Germany
under the Nazis during the 1930s.
• Describe how the Nazis carried out their
plans for genocide.
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http://history.grandforks.k12.nd.us/ndhistory/LessonImages/Sources/Pictures/holocaust%
202.jpg
• Holocaust - Six million
Jews, 2/3 of Europe’s
Jewish population
massacred by the end
of WWII
• 5 to 6 million other
people died in Nazi
captivity
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The Start of Persecution
• Semitic peoples
include Arabs,
Ethiopians, other
Middle Eastern and
North African groups
as well as Jews.
• Anti-Semitism came
to mean hostility
toward Jews by
1880s.
http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/history_of_the_holocaust_3.jpg
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The Nazi’s Take Action
• 1935 – Nuremberg
Laws – strip Jews of
German citizenship
and forbid marriage
between Jews and
non-Jews.
Ghetto Ration Card
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p137.htm
The Ghetto Wall
• 1937 and 1938
“Aryanize” Jewish
businesses, required
Jews to register their
property and
dismissed Jewish
employees and
managers - Jewish
doctors could only
treat Jews –
Identification cards J
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p075.htm6
• SA – police unit to
silence opposition to
Nazis
• SS – elite guard,
private army of Nazi
party
• Secret State police –
Gestapo – pursue
people who broke
laws of Nazi regime
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/50994.htm
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/00001.htm
Concentration Camps
Entrance to Auschwitz
“Work makes one Free”
• prisoners of war and
political prisoners are
confined
• (homeless,
homosexuals,
Jehovah’s witnesses,
mentally and
physically disabled,
gypsies and Jews)
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Babi Yar
• On September 29-30,
1941, more than 33,000
Jewish residents of Kiev
were marched to this site
and systematically
gunned down over the
edge of the ravine by
members of the
Sonderkommando 4a of
Einstazgruppen C.
Thousands of Gypsies
and Soviet POWs were
also executed at this site
between 1941 and 1943.
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery2/83025.htm
March to Babi Yar
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Kristallnacht
• 1938 – after annexation of Austria attacks
on Jews began
• “Night of Broken Glass” – Nov 9-10
Nazis looted and destroyed Jewish stores,
houses and synagogues – mass arrests of
Jews followed
http://www.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/places
/germany/ftp.py?places
/germany//kristallnacht/images/Kristl1.jpg
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Refugees Seek an Escape
• 1933-1937 130,000 Jews fled Germany
• FDR responded to calls for action by
Evian Conference – If failed to address
the problems – only Dominican Republic
of the 29 nations represented was willing
to ease its immigration laws
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/nazi_genocide_
timeline/open_images/open_1938_07_06.jpg 12
From Murder to Genocide
• 1939 invasion of Poland –
2 million Jews under
German control
• 350,000 or 30% of the
population of Warsaw
placed in Ghettos –
sealed off by a wall
topped with barbed wire –
guards
• Hunger, overcrowding,
lack of sanitation =
disease
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/22058.htm
The Einsatzgruppen
• Special forces or mobile
killing units were sent to
Poland in 1939
• Systematically murdered
members of Poland’s
upper class,
• intellectuals, priests, and
influential Jews
• 1941 eliminated
communist political
leaders and Jews during
invasion of Soviet Union
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p078.htm 14
Wannsee Conference
• Jan 1942
• Government officials
planned “final solution
to the Jewish
question”.
• Established
concentration camps
to eliminate Jews.
http://shamash.org/holocaust/photos/images/Furnace.jpg
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/50773.htm
The Death Camps
• 1941 began
experimenting
methods of
extermination.
• Chose poison gas,
zyklon B, to be
administered in
chambers designed
as showers.
• 1st day, Dec. 1941,
2300 Jews killed.
Gas Chamber
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• 6 camps in Poland –
unlike other work
camps – death camps
only for mass murder
• Trains – inspected –
gas chambers –
bodies burned in
huge ovens
(crematoria)
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http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/Dachau.htm
In Camps…
• shaved
• tattooed with
registration numbers
• starved
• disease
• periodic
“selections”
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http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/Camps/DayEng.html
http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/Dachau.htm
The Camps
•
•
•
•
Buchewald
1937-1945
labor camp
43,000 died
•
•
•
•
Aucshwitz
death camp – Poland
1.5 million murdered
90% Jews
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Fighting Back
• 1943 – Warsaw Ghetto revolted against
deportation to Treblinka.
• Jews rioted at Treblinka Camp. It Closed.
• Escape was most common revolt. – most
attempts failed – a few got away to warn
others.
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery
/18192.htm
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Rescue and Liberation
• American newspapers showed little
interest in Holocaust during the war.
• Immigration quotas were not raised.
• 1944 – despite Congress objection FDR
formed War Refugee Board (WRB) – try
to help people threatened by Nazis –
saved 200,000 lives
21
• May 1945 – Germany
collapsed – American
troops witnessed
Holocaust.
http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/85600.htm
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http://www.us.oup.com/us/brochure/0195182200/maps/0195307666liberation.jpg
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Nuremburg Trials
http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/10392.htm
• November 1945, Allies placed 24 leading
Nazis on trial for crimes against humanity.
• = 12 death sentences
• Trial established important principle –
Individuals are responsible for their own
actions – not just “following orders”.
Defendants Rudolf Hess and other Nazi’s
during the trial.
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Schindler’s List
http://www.oskarschindler.com/
• Oskar Schindler –
1300 Jews saved
• Today there are more
than 6,000 descendants
of Schindler`s Jews living
in the USA and Europe,
and many in Israel.
Before the Second World
War, the Jewish
population of Poland was
3.5 million. Today there
are between 3,000 and
4,000 left.
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Exit Slip
1.In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg
Laws to…
2.People considered by the Nazis to be
“undesirable” were…
3.What was the “final solution to the Jewish
question,” announced by the Nazis at the
Wannsee Conference?
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Exit Slip
• In April 1943, how did Jews in Warsaw
react against deportation to Treblinka?
• What did Roosevelt finally create, in
January 1944, to try to help the Jews?
• What was the important idea that came
out of the Nuremberg Trials?
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