Cytology – the study of cells
(pg. ??)
Day 1

Cells Alive – www.cellsalive.com
BrainPOP – www.brainpop.com
username: edhpop
password: edhpop1
Check out these videos:
- Cells
- Cell specialization

Cell Theory
The Cell Theory states that:
1. All living things are composed of a cell or cells.
2. Cells are the basic (smallest) unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
4. Cells contain hereditary information which is
passed from cell to cell during cell division
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition
6. All energy flow of life occurs within cells
Microscopes
“Seeing is Believing”


The light microscope or compound microscope
allows us magnify objects up to 1000 times!
Female egg cell is the largest cell in the body &
can be seen without a microscope!
A microscope can be used to view animal
and plant cells. Do you see any visible
organelles?
Plant cells
Magnification 10X 40 = 400X
Animal cells
Magnification 10X 40 = 400X
Parts of a Microscope
Match the names of microscope parts with the correct
letter from the microscope diagram.
_____1 Arm
_____2 Body Tube
_____3 Base
_____4 Coarse Adjustment Knob
_____5 Diaphragm
_____6 Fine Adjustment Knob
_____7 Light Source
_____8 Objective (Lenses)
_____9 Ocular Lens (Eyepiece)
_____10 Revolving Nosepiece
_____11 Stage
_____12 Stage Clips
Observation of Plant Cells
Materials: Forceps, Microscope, Microscope Slide, Onion, Scalpel
Onion Cells Procedure
1. Using a scalpel and forceps, remove a small piece of ONE LAYER
of onion skin off of an onion and place it on a microscope slide.
Avoid wrinkling the specimen.
2. View the onion cells on low power. Center the group of onion cells
in field of vision.
3. View the onion cells on medium power. Only use the fine
adjustment knob. If needed, center cells in field of view.
4. Use colored pencils to draw what you see. Label your drawing.
Labels should include the name of the specimen, magnification
level, and cell parts that can be seen.
5. Observe onion cells on high power. Only use the fine adjustment
knob. As you focus through the group of cells you might see
different layers of cells.
Day 2
2 major types of cells
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
• Have nucleus
• No nucleus
• No membrane-bound • Membrane-bound
organelles
organelles
• Evolved - like u & me
• Circular
• Linear chromosomes
chromosome
• Eubacteria Kingdom • Protista Kingdom
• Fungus Kingdom
• Archeabacteria
• Plant Kingdom
Kingdom
•
Animal Kingdom
Organelles

Very small size, can
only be viewed with a
microscope.

Have specific
functions.

Found throughout
cytoplasm in
eukaryotic cells.
Cell Structures and Functions
Structure
Cell Wall
Centriole
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Plasma
Membrane
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cilia
Plant, Animal,
Both
Function
City
Comparison
Organelles Found in Cells
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough &
smooth) – canals for movement
Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins
Nucleolus – makes ribosomes
Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of
wastes
Ribosomes – makes proteins
Golgi Bodies
Stacks of flattened
sacs
 Have a shipping side &
a receiving side
 Receive & modify
proteins made by ER
 Transport vesicles
with modified proteins
pinch off the ends

Transport
vesicle
Lysosome



Contain digestive
enzymes
Break down food
and worn out cell
parts for cells
Programmed for
cell death (lyse &
release enzymes to
break down &
recycle cell parts)
Nucleolus




Cell may have 1 to
3 nucleoli
Inside nucleus
Disappears when
cell divides
Makes ribosomes
that make
proteins
Smooth & Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks
ribosomes &
makes proteins
USED In the cell
Rough ER has
ribosomes on its
surface & makes
proteins to
EXPORT
Cell Powerhouse
Mitochondrion
( mitochondria )
Site of Cellular
respiration
Active cells like
muscles have
more of these
Burn sugars to
produce energy
ATP
Surrounding the Cell
Cell membrane
 Lies immediately
against the cell wall in
plant cells
 Made of protein and
phospholipids
 Selectively permeable
Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
 Living layer
 Controls the
movement of materials
into and out of the cell
 Selectively permeable
Cytoplasm of a Cell
Cytoplasm
 Jelly-like substance
enclosed by cell
membrane
 Provides a medium
for chemical
reactions to take
place
Nucleus/Inner
membrane
Nucleus
 Each cell has fixed
number of chromosomes
that carry genes
 Genes control cell
characteristics
Plant Cell
Cell wall
 Made of cellulose
which forms very
thin fibers
 Strong and rigid
Stations lab activity
Station 1: Label Prokaryotic
Cell - Bacteria
All bacteria
Ribosomes
Label the 6
most
important
organelles!
Station 2: Label Eukaryotic
Cell - Plant
Label the
13 most
important
organelles!
Station 3: Label Eukaryotic cell
- Animal
Label the 13
most
important
organelles!
Station 4: Create a Venn Diagram on
LEFT PAGE to show organelles in
common and organelles unique to each.
Bacteria Cell
Example Venn Diagram
Animal
Plant
Unique
Unique
Organelles
Organelles
Shared
organelles
Bacteria
Study your labeled cells – Quiz
to follow!
Quiz
Quiz:
15.What kind of cell is cell A?
16.What kind of cell is cell B?
17.What type of cells are both A and B?
Answers to quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Nuclear
membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
10. Chromatin
11. Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
12. Chloroplast
13. Centriole
14. Lysosome
15. Plant
16. Animal
17. Eukaryotic
9.