Prehistoric- We have no written records of
this time period or of these people.
 We use clues like artifacts in burial sites,
tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing
to learn about them.
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Hunted wild animals for food like
mammoths, caribou, oxen, and
wolves
Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots from
wild plants
Used bones and needles to sew
animal hides for clothes and
blankets.
See page 31 Ohio Adventures
Lived in Ohio’s tall forests
 Hunters that used spears
 Developed the atlatl, a hooked spear
thrower
 Hunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geese
 Used all parts of animals: flesh-food,
hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools,
sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments
& necklaces

Hunters and gatherers
 However, were first to grow own food and
save it for winter.
 Did not move so much in order to find
food
 Lived in semi-permanent villages
 Were moundbuilders (many different
shapes)

– Burial mounds
– Religious ceremonies
Sites near rivers or streams
 Water needed for cooking, drinking,
washing and transportation.
 Planted and harvested crops
 Lived in caves or homes made with woven
branches & grasses
 2 types of Mounds
Coneshaped…burial
Effigy…animal shaped
 P. 37 Great Serpent Mound

Hunted, Gathered & Raised Crops
 Built villages near rivers
 Like Adena, lived in southern part of Ohio,
but moved Northward
 Mounds were geometric in shape; circle,
rectangle, square, octogon & concentric
circles (circles inside circles)
 Hopewell traded more than Adena

Historic…we have written records about
these Indians.
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org
 Wyandot
 Miami
 Ottawa
 Shawnee
 Delaware
 Mingo

Common Characteristics
of All Tribes
 Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles
and grandparents under one roof
 Everyone had a job
Men-hunted, fished, cleared fields,
defended villages
Women-planted, harvested crops,
cooked, prepared animal skins
Children-copied parents
Characteristics Continued
 All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of
animal furs, moccasins, sashes, beading,
painted skin
 All used wool blankets
 All believed in the Great Spirit
 All participated in ceremonies
 Every tribe had two leaders
-village chief
-war chief
The Wyandot
Homes:
-Longhouses
-Sandusky River
Known Artifacts:
-Wooden Masks
Famous Chief: Tarhe the Crane
Interesting Facts:
-called “Grandfathers”
-brave and wise people
-friends of the Shawnee
Tarhe the Crane
The Miami
Homes:
-wigwams
-Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua
What did the people do?
-women were excellent farmers
-farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards
Known Artifacts:
-moccasins
What did they wear?
-wore few clothes
-covered bodies in tattoos
Famous Chief: Little Turtle
Interesting Facts:
-brave warriors
Little Turtle
The Mingo
Homes:
-wigwams and longhouses
-Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio
Known Artifacts:
-masks
Interesting Facts:
-wanted to be left alone to live in peace
-village called Mingo Town
The Ottawa
Homes:
-tepees and longhouses
-Maumee River
What did the people do?
-traders
Known Artifacts:
-beaded pouches
Famous Chief: Pontiac
Interesting Fact:
-best traders in Great Lake Region
-many great warriors
Pontiac
The Shawnee
Homes:
-wigwams
-Scioto River in Southern Ohio
Known Artifacts:
-carrying bags
What did the people wear?
-loved silver
-tall and handsome people
Famous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue Jacket
Interesting Facts:
-brave and respected warriors
-Tecumseh
Tecumseh and Blue Jacket
The Delaware
Homes:
-wigwams
-Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers
-last tribe to settle in Ohio
Known Artifacts:
-dolls
Famous Chief: Chief Mingo
Interesting Facts:
-called “Grandfathers”
-oldest Indian nation
-fought settlers
Chief Mingo
Reasons include:
 1. Religious Persecution… being killed
because of their religion
 2. Famine or disease in their home country
 3. The desire for a better life without living
in poverty.
 4. America was a land of opportunity

Read Ohio p. 89-92
 Settlers cut down trees and cleared land
for towns and farms.
 Many wild animals disappeared.
 Indians caught diseases from white men.
 Some drank settlers whiskey and became
alcoholics and no longer took care of
family..
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Read & Discuss:
 Katie’s Wish…Barbara Shook Hazen
 Annushka’s voyage…Edith Tarbescu
 The Memory Coat…Elvira Woodruff
 When Jessie Came Across the Sea…Amy
Hest
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