This is your Brain:
Teaching About Neuroscience
and Addiction Research
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Slide
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Title and Table of Contents
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K – Can research help Chris?
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A – Chris collapses in gym
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L – Research questions
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B – Chris Treated at emergency room
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L (cont’d) – Research questions
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C – Chris tests positive for drugs
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M – Can a mouse help Chris?
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D – The scientific method
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N – Doctor questions Chris’ best friend
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E – Types of graphs
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O – Key ethics terms
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F – What’s wrong, Chris?
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P – Researcher seeks approval for
experiment
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G – Functions of the brain
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Q – Animal care and use committee alerted
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H – How a neuron sends a message
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R – Chris released from hospital!
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I – Sending the message across the synapse
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S – Animal research reduced at local lab
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J – How have drugs affected Chris’s brain?
Transparency A – Chris Collapses in Gym
Transparency B – Chris Treated at Emergency Room
Who Is Chris?
Transparency B
© 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
Transparency C – Chris Tests Positive for Drugs
Thinking Like a Scientist
Transparency C
© 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
Transparency D
Transparency D - The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
1. State the problem
What are you wondering about?
• Write the question(s) that the experiment will try to answer
2. Collect information
What do you already know?
What can you find out?
• Look for information about your question before you begin your experiment
• How have others looked at this question?
3. Form a hypothesis
Based on what you know, what do you think will happen?
• Predict what the result of your experiment will show.
• Try to write your hypothesis as an “if/then’ statement
4. Test your hypothesis
How will you conduct your experiment?
• Describe the steps of your experiment
• What materials will you need?
5. Observe and record your results What happened in your experiment?
•
Organize and record the data you collected.
6. Draw a conclusion Did you support your hypothesis?
What new questions do you have?)
• State whether you hypothesis was support
• Share your conclusion with others
Transparency E – Types of Graphs
Types of Graphs
Transparency E
Bar Graph -
Line Graph -
Transparency F What’s Wrong Chris?
Thinking Like a Scientist
Transparency F
© 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
Transparency G Functions of the Brain
Functions of the Brain
Transparency G
Transparency H How the neuron Sends a Message
Transparency I Sending the message across the synapse
Sending the Message across the Synapse
Transparency I
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4
Receptors
receive messages carried by
the neurotransmitter
Axon Terminals
places where messages are
changed from electrical to
chemical and are released into the
synapse
2
3
Synapse
gap between neurons where
messages travel across the synapse
to another neuron
Neurotransmitters
carry messages from one neuron across the synapse to
another neuron.
Dopamine is the most common neurotransmitter in
humans.
Transparency J Have Drugs Affected Chris’ Brain?
How Does the Brain Work?
Transparency J
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Transparency K - Can Research Help Chris?
How do Drugs Affect the Brain?
Transparency K
© 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
Transparency L Research Questions
How Science Is Helping
Transparency L
Research Questions
Study 1:
Are neurotransmitters in the brain affected by cocaine addiction?
Study 2:
How many 8th grade students in the U.S. have tried alcohol at least once?
Study 3:
Are there differences between the brains of people who take risks and people who
do not take risks?
Study 4:
Are children of alcoholics at greater risk for becoming alcoholics than children of
non-alcoholic parents?
Study 5:
Does drug dependence result from a problem in how the brain’s neurons transmit
messages?
Study 6:
Can using different rewards/consequences reduce cigarette use?
Study 7:
Do specific neuron pathways reinforce the effects of drugs?
Study 8:
Can studies of twins help us look for inherited risk factors for substance abuse?
Study 9:
How do heroin users get the drug into their systems?
Transparency L (cont’d) – Research Questions
How Science Is Helping
Transparency L continued
Research Questions
Study 10: Do kids try marijuana just as often as they do cigarettes?
Study 11: Are middle school students more likely to grow up to be smokers if one or both of
their parents smoke?
Study 12: If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, will her baby’s development be affected?
Study 13: Is marijuana addictive?
Study 14: Are middle and high school students who use smokeless tobacco more likely to
become cigarette smokers than students who don’t smoke at all?
Study 15: Can genetics play a role in substance abuse and its risk factors?
Study 16: How many high school seniors become regular substance users?
Study 17: Are adolescents influenced by other adolescents and adults who smoke?
Study 18: Do regular marijuana users develop breathing problems?
Transparency M Can a Mouse help Chris?
How Science Is Helping
Transparency M
Transparency N – Doctor Questions Chris’ Best Friend
Why Research Is Important
Transparency N
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Transparency O – What is Ethics?
What Is Ethics?
Transparency O
Key Ethics Terms
key term
Autonomy
definition*
A person’s ability to make their own
decisions.
Beneficence
Acting in a way that benefits people or
animals; doing good for others.
Compassion
Genuine care for the suffering of others
including providing kindness and
comfort.
Justice
Non-maleficence
Treating others fairly, and having the right
to equal opportunities.
Not intentionally harming others, and
preventing harms from occurring to
people or animals.
example
Transparency P – Researcher Seeks Approval
What Is Ethics?
Transparency P
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Transparency Q – Animal Care and Use Committee Alerted
Applying Ethics to Animal Research
Transparency Q
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Transparency R – Chris Released from Hospital
Ensuring the Ethical Conduct of Research
Transparency R
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Transparency S – Animal Research Reduced at Local Lab
Thinking About the Future of Research
Transparency S
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