BELL RINGER
There are over 20 million new STI cases each year,
approximately how many of these cases are among
individuals between the age of
15 and 24?
9 million
STDS AND STIS
Chapter 24 (p. 656)
WHAT IS A STD/STI?
• STD- Sexually Transmitted Disease are infections spread from person to
person through sexual contact
• AKA STI- Sexually Transmitted Infection
• STIs are easily be transmitted from one person to another. (communicable diseases)
• There are approximately 25 STDs worldwide
• Not all STDs show symptoms (asymptomatic) or symptoms are mild and disappear after
the onset of the infection
• Approximately 9 million young people between 15-24 will be come infected with
STDs each year. There are about 20 million new cases each year.
• “Silent Epidemic”
Most
Common
Modes of
Transmission
STD/STI
Getting
Help
Risk &
Protective
Factors
WHAT ARE THE 6 MOST COMMON
STDS/STIS
• Genital HPV Infections
• Chlamydia
• Genital Herpes
• Gonorrhea
• Trichomoniasis
• Syphilis
GENITAL HPV INFECTIONS
GENITAL HPV INFECTIONS
Over 6 Million new cases each year in the U.S.
Can cause genital warts & may lead to cervical
cancer in females
Most infected individuals have no symptoms or
symptoms disappear without treatment
Vaccine (preventative) is available for males and
females
CHLAMYDIA
CHLAMYDIA
Affects the reproductive organs of both males
and females
About 2.8 million Americans get chlamydia
each year.
It is the most common STD among teens.
Females are 3x more likely to contract than males
Although there are typically no symptoms;
however, chlamydia may cause PID, pelvic pain,
and infertility (males/females)
Females with chlamydia are 5x more likely to
become infected with HIV if exposed
GENITAL HERPES
GENITAL HERPES
Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV1 Cold Sores
HSV2  Genital Sores
45 Million people in the U.S. 12 years and older
have contract genital herpes
Many individuals are asymptomatic; howevervirus typically causes sores within the first 2 weeks
of contraction and will take several weeks to
heal, eventually followed by shorter less severe
outbreaks that occur on and off over years
Treatment is available but there is no cure
GONORRHEA
GONORRHEA
More than 700,000 Americans are infected with
Gonorrhea
Many males are asymptomatic meanwhile
females tend to have mild symptoms
Infected individuals may experience severe
medical problems if untreated… such as infertility,
joint problems, and eye issues/blindness when
passed from mother to child during birth.
2nd most commonly reported STD in U.S.
TRICHOMONIASIS
TRICHOMONIASIS
Trich causes infections to the vagina, urethra, and
bladder
7.4 million new cases occur every year in the U.S
.
Symptoms include temporary irritation to the
penis, mild discharge, burning sensation, and
vaginitis (inflammatory disease)… Babies born
with trich are often premature and/or have a low
birth weight
Females have increase rate of contracting HIV if
exposed to trich infection
SYPHILIS
SYPHILIS
The infection passes through three stages.
Stage 1A sore appears on the external genitals or the
vagina, disappears after a few weeks
Stage 2The infection produces a skin rash for a few
weeks then disappears
Stage 3Syphilis can damage internal organs, cause brain
dementia, and may cause death
Treatment available during early stages
VOCAB TERMS
• STD• STI• Communicable Disease• Asymptomatic-
• Symptomatic-
VOCAB TERMS
• STD- Sexually Transmitted Disease
• STI- Sexually Transmitted Infection
• Communicable Disease- A disease that is spread from one living organism
to another through the environment
• Asymptomatic- People who are infected show no symptoms or the
infections produce mild symptoms that disappear
• Symptomatic- People who are infected show symptoms
BELL RINGER
Which STDs can be asymptomatic?
Why should a person who is asymptomatic seek
testing after being exposed to an STD?
Remember you should be providing thoughtful ideas in complete sentences.
Minimum of 2 Today.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
&RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTORS
BELL RINGER
Identify at least THREE specific types
of sexual contact or other means
in which STIs/STDs may spread.
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
• Oral, Vaginal & Anal Intercourse
• Kissing
• Direct Contact with Sores (and other
symptoms)
• Skin to Skin Contact
• During Pregnancy
• Fluid Exchange
• Sharing Needles
Please Note: Mode of Transmission Varies for Each STI…
To Learn More About How Each STI Is Spread- Check Out Your Book 
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
Risk Factors
• Any variable, characteristic, or
exposure that increases the
likelihood [risk] of developing a
disease or injury.
Protective Factors
• Any variable or characteristic
that decreases or eliminate risk
[STI] therefore increasing the
health and well-being of an
individual.
Depression
Abstinence
Age
HS Diploma
Sexually Active Peers
Parent was a
Teen Parent
Shared
Family Values
Values & Goals
Sibling(s) or Peer(s)
begin having early
sexual encounters
Connection to School
Parental disapproval
of premarital
or teen sex
Positive Family
Interactions
Health Care
HS Dropout
Lack of knowledge about Birth Control Methods
HOMEWORK
Directions: Using the idea of risk and protective factors as well as the
examples provided during class, answer the questions below.
• Identify 2 PROTECTIVE factors that you have in your life that may
help reduce your risk of contracting an STI. Please explain why you think
each factor will specifically help in STI prevention.
• Identify at least 1 RISK factor that you have in your life that
may increase your risk of contracting an STI. Please explain why you think the
factor will specifically increase the chances of getting an STI.
Questions are available on my teacher website if needed when at home.
GETTING HELP
Diagnosing and Treating STDs
Each month
about 750,000
teens are
diagnosed
with an STD.
Avoiding High-Risk
Behaviors & STDs
• High Risk Behaviors:
• Being sexually active with more
than one person
• Engaging in unprotected sex
• Engaging in sexual activity with
high risk partners
• Using alcohol and other drugs
GETTING HELP:
DIAGNOSING & TREATING STDS
STI Tests:
Physical Exam
Blood Test
Urine Test
Visual Inspection
Testing of Sore
Specimen Collection
PAP Smear
 The Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. Cells
scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined
under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the
uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina.
Who can complete these
medical tests, exams,
inspections, collections, and
procedures?
Only a trained medical
professional can determine
which test will most effectively
screen for a particular STD and
then based on results prescribe
medication and monitor the
patients treatment.
• Bacterial Infections
GETTING HELP:
DIAGNOSING & TREATING STDS
• Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trich, and Syphilis
• Can be Treated & Cured
• Viral Infections
• HPV and Genital Herpes
• Can be Treated BUT No Cure
• Antibiotics- are a class of chemical agents
that destroy disease causing
microorganisms while leaving the individual
unharmed
The only method
that is
100%
successful in preventing
the contraction and
spread of STIs is
ABSTINENCE.
WHERE CAN I SEEK HELP?
• National HIV and STD Testing Resources
• THE CDC  http://hivtest.cdc.gov/
• Planned Parenthood
• Physician (Doctor)
• Office of Adolescent Health.gov
THE STD EPIDEMIC
• The CDC (center for disease control) estimates that each year
19 million
____________________
people are infected with and STD
24
• Almost half are under the age of _________
• Top reasons STDs go undiagnosed and untreated….
Embarrassment or fear
• _______________________________
Lack of symptoms
• _______________________________
Misinformation
• _______________________________
EXIT TICKET
Your best friend comes to you and tell you that he/she thinks they
have an STI.
What are the first THREE meaningful questions you would ask them?
What are the TWO comforting things/pieces of advice you would give them?
What is the ONE thing you would do to be a good friend to them right now in
this situation?