IMMUNE SYSTEM
By: Lindsey Korthuis, Steven Lenfestey, Nathan Gumminger
Organs in the Immune System
 Your skin is your first defense to pathogens acting as a physical
barrier.
 The organs that make up the immune system are:
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Bone marrow
Tonsils
Peyer's patches
Thymus
 Lymph nodes
 Lymphatic vessels
 Spleen
 White blood cells called leukocytes are produced or stored in these
areas.
How the Leukocytes Work
 The leukocytes are split
up into two groups:
Lymphocytes and
Phagocytes
 The Lymphocytes
recognize the pathogen
and help destroy it
 The Phagocytes actually
go and destroy the
recognized pathogen
Function of the Bone Marrow
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In the bone marrow there are stem
cells which either mature within the
marrow or somewhere else in the
body.
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These cells are used to mature into
B-cells, natural killer cells,
granulocytes and to just stay as
immature thymocytes.
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The process to create the cells is
called hematopoiesis.
Function of the Tonsils
 The tonsils in the back
of the throat, under the
tongue help filter any
bacteria or foreign
substance that doesn’t
belong.
Function of Peyer’s Patches
 The Peyer’s patches
are interspersed
throughout the
digestive system(small
intestine and appendix)
and help filter out any
harmful bacteria or
other antigens
Function of the Thymus
 The thymus’s job is to
mature T-Cells which are a
type of lymphocyte.
 The immature thymocytes
travel to the thymus and
are matured there through
a process called thymic
education.
 T-cells that can become
harmful to the body and
cause autoimmunity are
destroyed while good ones
are spared.
Function of the Lymph Nodes

The lymph nodes are an
immunologic filter that filter the
lymph fluid which is also known
as bodily fluid.

Lymph nodes are found in
various places around the body.
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They are made up of T-cells, Bcells, macrophages, and
dendritic cells and the nodes
empty most of the tissues of
their fluid.

They then filter the antigens out
of the fluid and circulate the
fluid back to the rest of the
body.
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The macrophages and dendritic
cells present their captured
antigens to the T-cells and Bcells which triggers an immune
response.
Function of the Lymphatic
Vessels
 The Lymphatic vessels
carry the lymph which
is drained.
 They either carry it to
the lymph node to be
filtered or carry it away
from the lymph node
after it’s been filtered
to be put back into
circulation.
Function of the Spleen
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The spleen filters the blood.

It’s composed of T-cells, B-cells,
macrophages, dendritic cells,
natural killer cells, and red blood
cells.
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It captures antigens from the
blood.
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Like the lymph nodes when the
antigens are presented to the Tcells and B-cells the immune
response is triggered.
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In the spleen the B-cells are set in
motion and generate antibodies in
large amounts.
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Another function of the spleen is to
get rid of any old red blood cells.
spleen
Interesting Facts
 Stress affects the efficiency of the immune
system. You can fight off something better if
you aren’t stressed.
 Your immune system is a three layered
system. First is the skin, then the innate
immune system which is a “ short term,
nonspecific immune response.” Then your
lymphocytes and other cells react if needed.
Some Diseases of the Immune
System

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
 An autoimmune disease is an overactive immune response. It attacks its own cells
thinking they are pathogens.

Burkitt lymphoma
 A cancer of the lymphatic system
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Leukemia, chronic myeloid
 Cancer of the white blood cells
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Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM
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Severe combined immunodeficiency
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AIDS is an immune deficiency disease meaning that it weakens the immune system
so can not fight off pathogens.
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Allergies are an overreaction to allergens that should be ignored.
Vaccines
 It is essential to get vaccines for major
pathogens such as tuberculosis or hepatitis.
 The vaccines are a small weakened version of
the pathogen just enough for the immune
system to recognize there’s a pathogen in the
body.
 The immune system can then take action and
destroy the pathogen building an immunity
to that specific pathogen.
Bibliography
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http://science.jrank.org/pages/3521/Immune-System-Organs-immune-system.html
http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html
http://www.thebody.com/content/art1788.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_nodes
http://www.phoenix5.org/glossary/immune_system.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caput_femoris_cortex_medulla.jpg
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http://www.aikidofaq.com/bilder/anatomy/Lymphatic.jpg
http://www.goldbamboo.com/pictures-t8434.html http://www.uhealth.net/lsystem.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wik http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease i/Spleen
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_vessel
http://www.diabetesmine.com/2008/02/10-little-known.html
http://www.marksdailyapple.com/10-things-you-likely-dont-know-about-your-immune-system/
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma
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