Chapter 26 – The Cold War
Chapter 29 – The Kennedy &
Johnson Years
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George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)
Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945)
Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952)
John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960)
Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)
Chapter 29: The Kennedy and Johnson Years
(1961–1969)
Section 1: The New Frontier
Section 2: The Great Society
Foreign Policy in the Early 1960s
 CORE
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the Cold War
and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold
War.
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Objective 10.1: How did the differing postwar goals of the Soviet Union
and the United States lead to the Cold War?
Objective 10.2: How did the goals of containment influence events in the
late 1940’s?
Objective 10.3: Explain the Causes and effects of the Korean War.
Objective 10.4: Describe characteristics of the McCarthy Era.
Objective 10.5: Describe the domestic programs pursued by President
Kennedy.
Objective 10.6: Explain the goals and effects of President Johnson’s
domestic programs.
 Objective
10.7: Describe the foreign policy Cold
War crises that occurred during Kennedy’s
presidency.
CHAPTER 29 SECTION 3
Goals of the Invasion
 The United States
government was disturbed
when Fidel Castro took over
Cuba in 1959 and
developed ties to the Soviet
Union.
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To overthrow Castro, the
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) trained a group of
Cubans to invade Cuba.
President Kennedy
approved the resulting Bay
of Pigs Invasion, which took
place on April 17, 1961.
Outcome of the Invasion
 The Bay of Pigs invasion proved to
be both a military and diplomatic
disaster.
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Airstrikes failed to destroy Cuba’s
air force, and Cuban troops were
more than a match for the
invaders.
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The United States lost credibility
for its clumsy invasion tactics as
well as its violation of agreements
not to interfere in the Western
Hemisphere.
Causes of the Berlin Crisis
Effects of the Berlin Crisis
 As part of the post–World War  In response to Soviet demands,
II division of Germany, the city
Kennedy increased funding to
of Berlin in Communist East
the military and expanded the
Germany had been divided
size of the armed forces.
into Communist and nonCommunist zones.
 To avoid a confrontation, the
Soviets built a wall to separate the
 The division of Berlin was
Communist and non-Communist
planned as a temporary
sections of Berlin, Germany in
measure.
August 1961.
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However, the Soviet Union
demanded that the division
of Berlin be made permanent
to reduce the flow of East
Germans escaping through
Berlin to West Germany.
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The Berlin Wall came to be a
somber symbol of Cold War
tensions.
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On October 16, 1962, photographs taken from an American spy
plane showed construction of Soviet missile bases in Cuba, about 90
miles from the coast of Florida.
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The American response to this construction, and the resulting Soviet
response, became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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After much consultation with his advisors, President Kennedy
decided to authorize a naval “quarantine” around Cuba.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the superpowers to the brink of nuclear
war.
He demanded that Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev cease construction
of the missile bases.
On October 25, Soviet ships headed for Cuba suddenly reversed
direction, called back by Khrushchev.
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This action led to tremendous relief since confrontation, and the threat
of nuclear war, had been avoided.
CRISIS RESULTS
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The Cuban Missile Crisis did not end when Soviet ships reversed their
course, however.
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The end of the crisis came several days later, when Kennedy responded
to letters sent from Khrushchev, agreeing to some terms publicly and
others in secret.
In the end, the Soviet Union agreed to remove its missiles from
Cuba.
In return, the United States agreed to end the quarantine, stay out of
Cuba, and remove missiles of its own from Turkey.
 As a result of the crisis, Kennedy and Khrushchev established a “hot line”
with which they could communicate quickly in case of further crises.
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In addition, the United States and the Soviet Union, together
with Great Britain, signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963.
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This treaty banned nuclear testing above the ground.
Foreign Policy in the
Early 1960s—Assessment
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
(A) to reduce the flow of East Germans escaping through Berlin to
West Germany.
(B) Because the United States learned of Soviet missile bases in
Cuba.
(C)In retaliation for the Cuban Missile Crisis
(D) To stop American airstrikes in Germany
Which of these events began the Cuban Missile Crisis?
(A) The CIA trained Cubans for an invasion to overthrow Castro.
(B) The United States learned of Soviet missile bases in Cuba.
(C)Fidel Castro took over Cuba and developed Soviet ties.
(D) American airstrikes attempted to destroy Cuba’s air force.
Foreign Policy in the
Early 1960s—Assessment
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
(A)to reduce the flow of East Germans escaping through Berlin to
West Germany.
(B) Because the United States learned of Soviet missile bases in
Cuba.
(C)In retaliation for the Cuban Missile Crisis
(D) To stop American airstrikes in Germany
Which of these events began the Cuban Missile Crisis?
(A) The CIA trained Cubans for an invasion to overthrow Castro.
(B) The United States learned of Soviet missile bases in Cuba.
(C)Fidel Castro took over Cuba and developed Soviet ties.
(D) American airstrikes attempted to destroy Cuba’s air force.
CRASH COURSE
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THE COLD WAR
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72ISMF_D0