Exploring Engineering
Chapter 3, Part 2
Introduction to Spreadsheets
Spreadsheets Can Aid in
Calculation, Visualization and
Simulation
Data Visualization
Data
are raw facts. For example a
collection of numbers.
Information can be gained by presenting
the data in a way that makes it possible
to visualize the meaning of the data.
Organizing Data
Headings
Labels
Formatting
numbers as percentages,
currency, etc.
Graphs can be used to display data in a
way that the significance of the numeric
data can be seen.
Ordering the data by sorting.
Performing Computations
Spreadsheets
provide built in functions
to perform calculations using the data.
MAX
MIN
SUM
AVERAGE
STDEV
Etc
for many, many, more functions
Knowledge
Knowledge
results from the
interpretation of information.
It takes a human being with expertise to
interpret the information to gain
knowledge.
Spreadsheets
Definition: A spreadsheet
is software
designed to manipulate and analyze
numbers and formulas in rows and
columns.
We will be using Microsoft Excel in this
class. However there are similar
programs such as Lotus 123.
The Spreadsheet
Cell Contents
The
types of cell contents:
Alphanumeric
– text
Headings
Labels
Numeric
Integers
Floating point
Equations and formulae: B1+B4/H13
Predefined Functions: Previously discussed in
slide 5.
An Example
We
will be creating a worksheet for a
class grade sheet.
The input to a spreadsheet requires
entering numbers in cells.
In this case the input will be grades.
Grade sheet
Final Grade Rubric
Assign each exam as 18% of the final score, the
final exam as 36% of the final score, and
homework as 10% of the final score, then a
student's final score is: Final Score = 0.18*(Ex1
+ Ex2 + Ex3) + 0.36*(Final Exam) +
0.10*(Homework Score)
Assign a letter grade according to:
If Final score > 80, A
If Final score > 70, B
If Final score > 65, C
If Final score > 60, D
If Final score < 60, F
Excel Spreadsheet
A
1
B
Weighting: Ex1 =
C
D
E
18% Ex2 =
F
G
18% Ex3 =
H
I
18% Ex3 =
J
18% Final =
2
3
Name Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3 Final
H/W
Total Grade
Han
Smith
Thor
83
54
91
78
67
88
87
77
89
79
62
88
89
64
90
82.0
64.4
88.9
A
D
A
Kaye
47
58
78
56
65
59.6
F
8
Simon
64
60
73
69
76
67.9
C
9
Roger
98
96
98
97
95
97.0
A
Liu
Kits
97
41
89
78
89
84
93
67
89
58
91.9
66.5
A
C
McIn
58
61
43
31
44
44.7
F
Douz
Aver:
92
72.5
92
76.7
91
80.9
90
73.2
96
76.6
91.5
75.4
A
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
• Write one line then copy and paste the rest
K
L
36% HW =
M
10%
Excel grade sheet
C
D
E
F
Name
Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 3
Han
Smith
Thor
83
54
78
67
87
77
91
88
89
Kaye
47
58
78
8
Simon
64
60
73
9
Roger
98
97
96
89
98
89
41
78
84
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
Liu
Kits
McIn
Douz
Aver:
58
61
92
92
=AVERAGE(D4:D13) =AVERAGE(E4:E13)
• See how you get the average of each exam
43
91
=AVERAGE(F4:F13)
It’s easy for the grader to cheat!
I
3
Total
5
=D4*C$1+E4*E$1+F4*G$1+G4*K$1+H4*M$1
=D5*C$1+E5*E$1+F5*G$1+G5*K$1+H5*M$1
6
=D6*C$1+E6*E$1+F6*G$1+G6*K$1+H6*M$1
7
=D7*C$1+E7*E$1+F7*G$1+G7*K$1+H7*M$1
8
=D8*C$1+E8*E$1+F8*G$1+G8*K$1+H8*M$1
4
• See how you can get the total! If you easily want
to change the weighting, go to C1, or E1 or G1 etc.
• Notice the use of absolute K$1 and relative D4, G4,
etc., addressing. Relative shifts with where you copy it
but absolute fixes column or row (or both)
Excel Grade sheet
J
3
Grade
5
=IF(I4>80, "A", (IF(I4>70, "B", IF(I4>65, "C", IF(I4>60, "D", IF(I4<60, "F
=IF(I5>80, "A", (IF(I5>70, "B", IF(I5>65, "C", IF(I5>60, "D", IF(I5<60, "F
6
=IF(I6>80, "A", (IF(I6>70, "B", IF(I6>65, "C", IF(I6>60, "D", IF(I6<60, "F
7
=IF(I7>80, "A", (IF(I7>70, "B", IF(I7>65, "C", IF(I7>60, "D", IF(I7<60, "F
8
=IF(I8>80, "A", (IF(I8>70, "B", IF(I8>65, "C", IF(I8>60, "D", IF(I8<60, "F
4
• Notice the use of the IF statement …IF(test, true, false)
Summary
Learn
Use
to use a spreadsheet
its formatting capability
Use its mathematical functions
Use its relative and absolute addressing
Use its logical functions
Use lots more!
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