Organelles, Functions
and Comparisons
Biology Fall 2011
We will discuss…
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Basic Information
Description of Cells
Meet the Organelles
Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic
Vocabulary
Today’s Activity
References
Basic Information
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(from the Greek meaning truly nuclear)
These cells have a nucleus
10 times greater in size than Prokaryotic Cells
comprise all of the life kingdoms except
Monera (Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia)
contain many internal membrane-bound
structures called organelles
Plasma Membrane is present
Two Types of Cells
 Animal
 Plant
Description of Cell
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Animal Cell
 Contains a number of
organelles to help
with its function
 Found in Humans
and Animals
 Centrioles are
present
○ Not found in Plant
Cells
Description of Cell (cont.)
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Plant Cell
 Functions similar to
an Animal Cell
○ Most of the
Organelles are
present
 3 unique structures
○ Plastids
○ Cell Walls
○ Vacuoles
Meet the Organelles…
and their Functions
A lipid/protein/carbohydrate
complex, providing a
barrier and containing
transport and signaling
systems.
Double membrane
surrounding the
chromosomes and the
nucleolus. Pores allow
specific communication
with the cytoplasm. The
nucleolus is a site for
synthesis of RNA making
up the ribosome
Surrounded by a double
membrane with a series
of folds called cristae.
Functions in energy
production through
metabolism. Contains its
own DNA
Meet the Organelles
(cont.)
Contains stacked
thylakoid membranes.
Responsible for
photosynthesis, Contains
DNA similar to
Mitochondria
A network of interconnected membranes
forming channels within the cell. Covered
with ribosomes (causing the "rough"
appearance)
A network of
interconnected
membranes forming
channels within the cell. A
site for synthesis and
metabolism of lipids
Meet the Organelles
A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles
(small membrane surrounded bags) carry
materials from the RER to the Golgi
apparatus. Vesicles move between the
stacks while the proteins are "processed"
to a mature form. Vesicles then carry
newly formed membrane and secreted
proteins to their final destinations
A membrane bound
organelle that is
responsible for degrading
proteins and membranes in
the cell, and also helps
degrade materials ingested
by the cell.
(cont.)
Membrane surrounded
"bags" that contain water and
storage materials in plants.
Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism.
Examples of Eukaryotic
Cells
Centric Diatom
Kingdom: Protista
Bread Yeast- S. cerevisiae
Kingdom: Fungi
Examples (cont.)
Pea Leaf Stomata
Kingdom: Plantae
Golden Colonia Algae-Synura
Kingdom: Protista
Examples (cont.)
Sunflower Petal and Pollen
Grain
Kingdom: Plantae
Human Breast Cancer Cell
Kingdom: Animalia
Examples (cont.)
Human Red Blood Cells,
Platelets and T-Lymphocytes
Kingdom: Animalia
Human Liver Cell
Kingdom: Animalia
Prokaryotes Vs.
Eukaryotes
Similarities?!?
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Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells have ribosomes.
 Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells have a plasma membrane.
 Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells have cytoplasm.
 Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells have DNA.
Differences
No Structured Nucleus
Present
 No Organelles present
 Simpler structures
 Cell Wall Present
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Nucleus Present
Organelles Present
Complex structure
Cell wall may or may not
be present.
#TeamProkaryote #TeamEukaryote
The Comparison
Vocabulary Words
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Nucleus
Nucleolus
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Cytosol
Perixisome
Centromere
Centriole
Cell Membrane
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Secretory Vesicle
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Today’s Activity…
Virtual Lab and Color Worksheet
Go to the website
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.ht
m
 Part A:Use cell models found on the
website to define the vocabulary words
from the presentation. On reverse side of
the paper, draw a picture of both a plant
and animal cells for your notes. Make sure
to distinguish the differences between the
two!
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Today’s Activity (cont.)
Part B: Complete the “Eukaryotic Cell”
color sheet.
 Use map pencils or crayon (no markers
or pens)
 Match the organelle found in the cell
with the correct name.
 Both assignments are due at the end of
the class period.
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Questions?
References
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/euk
aryotic_cells.html
 http://biology.kenyon.edu/HHMI/Biol113/
eukaryoticcells.htm
 http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_mod
el.htm
 http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/t
utorials/pev/page3.html
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