European New Imperialism
(1870 – 1914):
Causes, the Middle East, &
Africa
AP European History
Androstic
2012-2013
1. Define imperialism
Study Guide – Section 77, #1, Palmer pg. 630
2. How did the “new
imperialism” differ from the
colonialism of earlier times?
How was European rule
generally imposed?
Study Guide – Section 77, #2, Palmer pg. 631
3. Discuss the motives that lay
behind European expansion in
th
the late 19 century.
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Four Causes of Imperialism
1. Industrial Revolution - Need for
markets & resources
2. Christianity - missionaries
3. Nationalism - “a place in the sun”
4. “White Man’s Burden”
Different than Old Imperialism?
–Old – Mostly maritime empires
–New – Land empires
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Industrialization (1750-1900)
• Increased population
in Europe
• Great technological
advances - military,
transportation, and
communications
• Continued economic
expansion requires
more resources and
markets
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Humanitarianism
• Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia
as fertile ground for converts
• Cultural superiority - Europeans must
“save” the rest of the world
• Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa
(still in practice in North/East Africa)
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
Nationalism (1800-1914)
• French Revolution and
Napoleon spread
nationalism
throughout Europe
• Pride in one’s country
was based upon
industrial production,
military strength, and
size of empire
Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634
What was the bigger motivation for
imperialist expansion: economic
motivation or nationalism? Read
“The Age of Empire” (Eric J.
Hobsbawn) and “Imperialism as a
Nationalistic Phenomenon” (Carlton
J. H. Hayes), and form your own
opinion, which we will discuss in class.
Bigger Motivation: Economic or
Nationalism?
Economic Motivation
Nationalism
4. How would you evaluate the
attitude expressed by Rudyard
Kipling?
Study Guide – Section 77, #4, Palmer pg. 638
Middle East
Ottoman Empire - “Sick Man of Europe”
1. How did the Ottoman
Empire differ from the
European states in its political
organization and nature?
Study Guide – Section 79, #1, Palmer pg. 643-644
2. Why was Turkey called the
“sick man of Europe”?
Study Guide – Section 79, #2, Palmer pg. 644
3. Why were the British
concerned about the RussoTurkish War of 1877?
Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647
Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78
Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647
Berlin Conference of 1878
Bismarck organized
& ran the conference
Took territory from
the Ottoman Empire to
placate Russia & avoid a
general war
•Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia
•Russia gets Crimea
•Bulgaria & Romania Free
Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647
4. What problems persisted in
the Ottoman Empire after
1878?
Study Guide – Section 79, #4, Palmer pg. 647-648
5. How did Egypt become a
British protectorate?
Study Guide – Section 79, #5, Palmer pg. 648-650
The “Scramble for Africa”
1. Explain the process by which
Africa was partitioned after
1870.
Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654
Berlin Conference of 1884-85
Set up rules on how
to colonize the
continent
Abolished the slave
trade
Congo Free State
the personal property
of King Leopold of
Belgium
Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654
2. Which areas were
respectively occupied and
controlled by Germany,
France, and Britain
respectively? Other European
powers?
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
•Scramble for Africa
• Between 1875 and 1900
European control of
Africa went from 10% to
90%
• Only two nations, Liberia
(home to many freed
American slaves) and
Ethiopia remained
independent
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
Africa was
almost
completely
colonized by
the start of
World War I.
Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658
3. How did the partition of
Africa affect relations among
the European powers?
Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659
Friction Between the Colonial Powers
Where the claims of
the European powers
collided, conflict arose
 Fashoda Crisis
Boer Wars
•Germany supported the
Boers against the British
•Britain wins, and anger with
Germany remains
Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659
Summary
Europeans conquered much of the remaining
world
•White Man’s Burden
•Industrial Revolution
Ottoman Empire weakens
•New states emerge - Serbia & Romania
•Tensions rise in the Balkans Peninsula over territory
Scramble for Africa
•Rest of Africa is conquered
•King Leopold’s Ghost