1.
Define:

Planet – CELESTIAL BODY ORBITS SUN, ROUND DUE TO GRAVITY, CLEAR ORBITAL
PATH

Satellite – NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL BODY REVOLVES AROUND CELESTRIAL BODY
OF GREATER MASS

Eclipse – SHADOW OF ONE CELESTRIAL BODY FALLS ON ANOTHER

Asteroid – SMALL ROCKY OBJECT. ORBITS THE SUN

Exoplanet – PLANET LIKE BODY THAT ORBITS A STAR OTHER THAN THE SUN
2.
Name two reasons the sun’s energy is important to life on Earth.
HEAT – PLANT LIFE - LIGHT
3.
Why do the stars seem to move across the night sky?
EARTH BOTH ROTATES AND ORBITS THE EARTH
4.
List the planets in our solar system in order from the closet to the sun to the furthest. Circle those that do not have known satellites.
MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, MARS, JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS, NEPTUNE
5.
What are the terrestrial planets? What are the characteristics of a terrestrial planet?
M, V, E, MARS –DENSE, SMALL, SOLID ROCKY SURFACES
6.
What are the Gas Giants? What are the characteristics of Gas Giants?
J, S, U, N – DEEP MASSIVE GASEOUS ATOMSPHERE, MANY SATELLITES, RINGS
7.
How do the masses of two objects affect the gravitational force between them?
LARGER THE OBJECTS = GREATER GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
8.
What would happen to the Earth without the gravitational pull of the sun? (hint: the Earth moves in a curved orbit around the sun)
IT WOULD TRAVEL IN A STRAIGHT LINE
9.
How many phases of the moon are there? Name them.
8 – NEW, FULL, FIRST QUARTER, LAST QUARTER, WAXING/WANING
GIBBOUS/CRESCENT
10.
What happens during a lunar eclipse?
MOON IN THE SHADOW OF THE EARTH – EARTH B/W MOON & SUN
11.
An astronomical unit (AU) equals ______________. 150 MILLION KM
12.
Mercury has no atmosphere, during the day the temperature can reach up to __________. 720K
13.
What is the hydrosphere?
WATER ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE
14.
Why do more objects from space strike Mercury than Earth?

MERCURY HAS NO ATMOSPHERE – THEY BURN UP IN OURS
15.
Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in our solar system resides on what planet?
MARS
16.
Most asteroids are found in the orbit between which 2 planets?
MARS AND JUPITER
17.
What is a dwarf planet? Name 2 dwarf planets in our solar system. Where are they located?
ORBITS SUN – ROUND DUE TO GRAVITY – HAS NOT CLEARED OTHER OBJECTS FROM
ITS ORBITAL PATH
18.
All Gas Giants have ___________ and ___________. RINGS AND SATELLITES
19.
What is the Kuiper Belt?
ASTERIOD BELT PAST NEPTURE
20.
Which dwarf planet was once considered a planet? Name one of its satellites.
PLUTO - CHARON
21.
How was the geocentric model of the universe different from our current model?
EARTH AT THE CENTER
22.
What does Copernicus’ model of the universe look like? What is it called?
SUN AT THE CENTER – HELIOCENTRIC
23.
How did Sir Isaac Newton contribute to our understanding of the astronomy?
GRAVITY – KEEPS PLANETS & SATELLITES IN ORBIT
24.
What is the Nebular Hypothesis?
MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM – SUN & PLANETS CONDENSE
FROM CLOUD (NEBULA) OF GAS AND DUST
25.
Comets have how many tails? What are the tails made of?
2; ION TAIL AND DUST TAIL
26.
What are the 3 main types of meteorites?
IRON; STONY; STONY-IRON
27.
How did the moon form? Where did it come from?
LARGE OBJECT COLLIDED WITH EARTH – PIECE OF EARTH BROKE OFF AND WAS
CONTAINED BY EARTH GRAVITATION PULL
28.
Define:

Light-year - DISTANCE LIGHT TRAVELS IN A YEAR

Supernova – EXPLOSION IN WHICH MASSIVE STAR COLLAPSES & THROWS ITS
OUTER LAYERS INTO SPACE

Galaxy – COLLECTION OF STARS, DUST &, GAS BOUND TOGETHER BY GRAVITY

Quasar – MOST DISTANT OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE


Universe – SUM OF SPACE MATTER & ENERGY THAT HAS EXISTED OR EVER WILL
EXIST
29.
What are the 3 factors that affect how bright a star is?
DISTANCE FROM EARTH/ TEMPERATURE/ SIZE
30.
List the 6 layers of the sun
CORONA/RADIATIVE ZONE/CORE/CONVECTIVE ZONE/CHROMOSPHERE/PHOTOSPHERE
31.
What are the 2 ways energy moves through a star?
CONVECTION/RADIATION
32.
Why do we need telescopes in space?
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE BLOCKS MANY KINDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADITAITION
WHICH SCIENCTISTS USE TO STUDY OBJECTS IN SPACE
33.
What are the 3 basic colors of stars? List them in order from coolest to hottest.
RED/YELLOW/BLUE
34.
What two forces are affecting our sun? What would happen if one force becomes weaker?
GRAVITY & OUTWARD PUSH DUE TO RADIATION (NUCLEAR FUSION REACTIONS)
35.
What is the difference between a white dwarf and a red giant?
RED – STAR LATE IN LIFE/CORE STILL HOT ENOUGH FOR FUSION REACTIONS
WHITE – DIM LEFT OVER CORE OF STAR/NO FUSION REACTIONS OCCURING
36.
Once a supernova has occurred what the two possible outcomes? (hint: what new item can form)
BLACK HOLE OR NEUTRON STAR
37.
What does the H-R Diagram display? (hint: What are on each axis)
TEMPERATURE VS MAGNITUDE (BRIGHTNESS) OF STARS
38.
What are the 3 types of Galaxies? Which type is the Milky Way?
SPIRAL/IRREGULAR/ELLIPTICAL – MILKY WAY IS SPIRAL
39.
Why did Hubble propose that the universe is expanding?
USED SPECTRA FROM OTHER GALAXIES – IT APPEARED REDDER THAN IT SHOULD BE
(RED SHIFT – DOPPLER EFFECT)
40.
What force could prevent the universe from expanding forever?
GRAVITY
41.
What are the 3 possible futures of the universe? How does the amount of matter affect these possibilities?
1.
KEEP EXPANDING FOREVER
2.
SLOW DOWN GRADUALLY AND APPROACH LIMIT SIZE
3.
START COLLAPSING
42.
What is dark matter?
INVISIBLE MATTER – MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE SCIENTISTS CANNOT SEE
PLANETS, BLACK HOLES, STARS ( WHICH NO EMIT NO LIGHT)